A5107387811- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Statistical and numerical algorithms
- Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
- Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
Rochester Institute of Technology
2016-2025
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
2010-2020
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
2020
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
1995-2017
Queen's University Belfast
2012-2017
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
2006-2015
Goddard Space Flight Center
2014
Pennsylvania State University
2008-2012
The Ohio State University
2001-2011
California Institute of Technology
2003-2011
Advanced gravitational wave interferometers, currently under realization, will soon permit the detection of waves from astronomical sources. To open era precision astronomy, a further substantial improvement in sensitivity is required. The future space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and third-generation ground-based observatory Einstein Telescope (ET) promise to achieve required improvements frequency ranges. vastly improved third generation observatories could detailed...
One century after its formulation, Einstein's general relativity (GR) has made remarkable predictions and turned out to be compatible with all experimental tests. Most of these tests probe the theory in weak-field regime, there are theoretical reasons believe that GR should modified when gravitational fields strong spacetime curvature is large. The best astrophysical laboratories strong-field gravity black holes neutron stars, whether isolated or binary systems. We review motivations...
Advanced gravitational wave detectors, currently under construction, are expected to directly observe signals of astrophysical origin. The Einstein Telescope (ET), a third-generation detector, has been proposed in order fully open up the emerging field astronomy. In this paper we describe sensitivity models for ET and investigate potential limits imposed by fundamental noise sources. A special focus is set on evaluating frequency band below 10 Hz where complex mixture seismic, gravity...
The Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors will begin operation in the coming years, with compact binary coalescence events a likely source for first detections. waveforms emitted directly encode information about sources, including masses spins of objects. Recovering physical parameters sources from GW observations is key analysis task. This work describes LALInference software library Bayesian parameter estimation signals, which builds on several previous methods to...
The last decade of observational and theoretical developments in stellar binary evolution provides an opportunity to incorporate major improvements the predictions from population synthesis models. We compute Galactic merger rates for NS–NS, BH–NS, BH–BH mergers with StarTrack code. most important revisions include updated wind mass-loss (allowing stellar-mass black holes up 80 M☉), a realistic treatment common envelope phase (a process that can affect by 2–3 orders magnitude), qualitatively...
Large gravitational wave interferometric detectors, like Virgo and LIGO, demonstrated the capability to reach their design sensitivity, but transform these machines into an effective observational instrument for astronomy a large improvement in sensitivity is required. Advanced detectors near future third-generation observatories more than one decade will open possibility perform astronomical observations from Earth. An overview of possible science reaches technological progress needed...
The development of advanced gravitational wave (GW) observatories, such as Advanced LIGO and Virgo, provides impetus to refine theoretical predictions for what these instruments might detect. In particular, with the range increasing by an order magnitude, search GW sources is extending beyond "local" Universe out cosmological distances. Double compact objects (neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS), black hole-neutron (BH-NS) hole-black hole (BH-BH) systems) are considered be most promising...
Mergers of two stellar origin black holes are a prime source gravitational waves and under intensive investigations. One crucial ingredient in their modeling has so far been neglected. Pair-instability pulsation supernovae with associated severe mass loss may suppress formation massive holes, decreasing hole merger rates for the highest masses. The pair-instability limits Population I/II stellar-origin to 50 Msun, tension earlier predictions that maximum could be as high 100 Msun....
All ten LIGO/Virgo binary black hole (BH-BH) coalescences reported following the O1/O2 runs have near-zero effective spins. There are only three potential explanations for this. If BH spin magnitudes large, then: (i) either both vectors must be nearly in orbital plane or (ii) angular momenta of BHs oppositely directed and similar magnitude. Then there is also possibility that (iii) small. We consider third hypothesis within framework classical isolated evolution scenario BH-BH merger...
The unprecedented range of second-generation gravitational-wave (GW) observatories calls for refining the predictions potential sources and detection rates. coalescence double compact objects (DCOs)—i.e., neutron star–neutron star (NS–NS), black hole–neutron (BH–NS), hole–black hole (BH–BH) binary systems—is most promising source GWs these detectors. We compute rates coalescing DCOs in GW detectors using latest models their cosmological evolution, implementing inspiral-merger-ringdown...
The origins of the stellar-mass black hole mergers discovered by LIGO/Virgo are still unknown. Here we show that if migration traps develop in accretion disks active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and promote their captive holes, majority holes within will undergo hierarchical mergers—with one being remnant a previous merger. 40% AGN-assisted detected include with mass ≳50M⊙, limit from stellar core collapse. Hierarchical at AGNs exhibit spins (anti)aligned binary's orbital axis, distinct property...
The detection of the binary neutron star GW170817 together with observation electromagnetic counterparts across entire spectrum inaugurated a new era multi-messenger astronomy. In this study we incorporate wavelength-dependent opacities and emissivities calculated from atomic-structure data enabling us to model both measured lightcurves spectra transient AT2017gfo. Best-fits observational are obtained by Gaussian Process Regression, which allows present posterior samples for kilonova source...
We study the expected spin misalignments of merging binary black holes formed in isolation by combining state-of-the-art population-synthesis models with efficient post-Newtonian evolutions, thus tracking sources from stellar formation to gravitational-wave detection. present extensive predictions properties detectable both current and future interferometers. account for fact that detectors are more sensitive spinning black-hole binaries suitable orientations find this significantly impacts...
Gravitational wave measurements will provide insight into the population of coalescing compact binaries throughout universe. We describe and demonstrate a flexible parametric method to infer event rate as function binary parameters, accounting for Poisson error selection biases. Using concrete synthetic data based on projections LIGO Virgo's O3 run, we discuss how well GW could constrain mass spin distribution neutron stars black holes in near future, within context several phenomenological...
We model the dynamical evolution of primordial black holes (BHs) in dense star clusters using a simplified treatment stellar dynamics which BHs are assumed to remain concentrated an inner core, completely decoupled from background stars. Dynamical interactions involving BH binaries computed exactly and generated according Monte Carlo prescription. Recoil ejections lead complete evaporation core on timescale ~10^9 yr for typical globular cluster parameters. Orbital decay driven by...
Data from the SDSS (300,000 galaxies) indicates that recent star formation (within last 1 billion years) is bimodal: half stars form gas with high amounts of metals (solar metallicity), and other small contribution elements heavier than Helium (10-30% solar). Theoretical studies mass loss brightest derive significantly higher stellar-origin BH masses (30-80 Msun) previously estimated for sub-solar compositions. We combine these findings to estimate probability detecting gravitational waves...
As the ground-based gravitational-wave telescopes LIGO, Virgo, and GEO 600 approach era of first detections, we review current knowledge coalescence rates mass spin distributions merging neutron-star black-hole binaries.We emphasize bi-directional connection between astronomy conventional astrophysics.Astrophysical input will make possible informed decisions about optimal detector configurations search techniques.Meanwhile, rate upper limits, detected merger rates, distribution masses spins...
An up-to-date catalog of nearby galaxies considered as hosts binary compact objects is provided with complete information about sky position, distance, extinction-corrected blue luminosity and error estimates. With our current understanding evolution, rates formation coalescence for scale massive-star hence the (extinction-corrected) host galaxies. Coalescence events in are among most promising gravitational-wave sources ground-based detectors such LIGO. Our associated estimates important...
We compare evolutionary predictions of double compact object merger rate densities with initial and forthcoming LIGO/Virgo upper limits. find that: (i) Due to the cosmological reach advanced detectors, current conversion methods population synthesis into are insufficient. (ii) Our optimistic models a factor 18 below limits for BH-BH systems, indicating that modest increase in observational sensitivity (by 2.5) may bring first detections or gravitational wave constraints on binary evolution....
We estimate binary compact object merger detection rates for LIGO, including the binaries formed in ellipticals long ago. Specifically, we convolve hundreds of model realizations elliptical- and spiral-galaxy population syntheses with a star formation history as function redshift. Our results favor local rate densities 4\times 10^{-3} {Mpc}^{-3}{Myr}^{-1} black holes (BH), 3\times 10^{-2} neutron stars (NS), BH-NS binaries. Mergers elliptical galaxies are significant fraction our total BH-BH...
Compact binaries that emit gravitational waves in the sensitivity band of ground-based detectors can have non-negligible eccentricities just prior to merger, depending on formation scenario. We develop a purely analytic, frequency-domain model for emitted by compact orbits with small eccentricity, which reduces quasicircular post-Newtonian approximant TaylorF2 at zero eccentricity and postcircular approximation Yunes et al. [Phys. Rev. D 80, 084001 (2009)] eccentricity. Our uses spectral...
We study the influence of astrophysical formation scenarios on precessional dynamics spinning black-hole binaries by time they enter observational window second- and third-generation gravitational-wave detectors, such as Advanced LIGO/Virgo, LIGO-India, KAGRA, Einstein Telescope. Under plausible assumption that tidal interactions are efficient at aligning spins few-solar mass progenitors with orbital angular momentum, we find should be expected to preferentially lie in a plane when become...