Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are promising candidates for building grid-level storage systems because of their high energy and power density, low discharge rate, decreasing cost. A vital aspect in planning operations is to accurately model the aging cost battery cells, especially irregular cycling operations. This paper proposes a semi-empirical degradation that assesses cell life loss from operating profiles. We formulate by combining fundamental theories our observations test...

A method to reduce peak electricity demand in building climate control by using real-time pricing and applying model predictive (MPC) is investigated. We propose use a newly developed time-varying, hourly-based tariff for end-consumers, that has been designed truly reflect marginal costs of provision, based on spot market prices as well grid load levels, which directly incorporated into the MPC cost function. Since this only available limited time window future we least-squares support...

Optimal control of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) is challenging because it needs to consider benefits arising in power system operation as well cost induced from BESS commitment. The presented approach relies on the methodology Model Predictive Control (MPC) for optimal operation. Variable and strongly usage dependent battery degradation costs constitute bulk marginal usually modeled with nonlinear functional dependencies or an implicit cycle counting unsuited MPC implementation. In...

The system-level consideration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) and small-scale storage in power systems remains a challenge as either type is incompatible with traditional operation concepts. Noncontrollability constraints are still considered contingent cases market-based operation. design strategies for up to 100% RES requires an explicit nondispatchable generation capacities, well the evaluation operational performance terms efficiency, reliability, environmental impact,...

In this paper we present a novel methodology for leveraging Receding Horizon Control (RHC), also known as Model Predictive (MPC) strategies distributed battery storage in planning problem using Benders decomposition technique. Longer prediction horizons lead to better placement but higher computational complexity that can quickly become computationally prohibitive. The here proposed MPC strategy conjunction with technique effectively reduces the manageable level. We use CIGRE low voltage...

Operational flexibility is an important property of electric power systems. The term widely used in the context systems although at times without a proper definition. role operational for transition existing systems, many them based on fossil fuels, towards effectively accommodating high shares variable Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has been recognized. Availability sufficient necessary precondition grid integration large in-feed from RES, example wind and photovoltaics (PV). paper analyzes...

Due to their fast response time and high ramp rates, storage systems are capable of providing frequency control reserves. However, the limit in energy capacity poses difficulties as signals not unbiased. We describe a scheme recharge or discharge without impeding quality provided service, formulate an analyzing method investigate resulting size storage. show that even small sizes sufficient provide continuous reliable primary secondary reserves grid.

An on-going debate in the energy economics and power market community raises question if energy-only markets are increasingly failing due to growing feed-in shares from subsidized renewable sources (RES); argument being essentially that merit-order effect of RES production depresses day-ahead spot prices, which turn creates a situation where plant owners cannot recover investment costs (missing-money problem). We argue short not principle but rather facing several distortions hinder proper...

A novel concept for system-level consideration of energy storage in power grids with dispatchable and non-dispatchable generators loads is presented. Grid-relevant aspects such as ratings, ramp-rate constraints, efficiencies, capacities the interconnected units are modeled, while technology-dependent physical unit properties abstracted from. This allows modeling a technologically diverse portfolio unified approach. The can be used designing operation strategies systems, especially presence...

Operational flexibility is an important property of electric power systems and plays a crucial role for the transition today's systems, many them based on fossil fuels, towards that can efficiently accommodate high shares variable Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The availability sufficient operational in given system necessary prerequisite effective grid integration large fluctuating in-feed from RES, especially wind Photovoltaics (PV). This paper establishes framework quantifying...

Large-scale deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has led to significant generation shares variable RES in power systems worldwide. units, notably inverter-connected wind turbines and photovoltaics (PV) units that do not provide rotational inertia, are effectively displacing conventional generators their rotating machinery. This implications for frequency dynamics system operation: Since faster with low this can lead large transient oscillations multi-area systems. Grid topology also...

This paper explores the application of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) task. While numerical optimisation techniques have been widely used, their computational complexity limits real-world applicability. Recent advances in machine learning (ML), particular use (DNNs), offer promising avenues overcome these limitations. In this effort, we explore incorporation OPF inequality constraints into architecture DNN using activation functions such as clipping, and...

The increase of operational flexibility potential, provided by distributed energy resources (DER), might extend the distribution grid operators toolbox for congestion management beyond typically used measures such as expansion. However, usage expansion and are interdependent their cost-minimal mix is unknown. Therefore, within presented work, trade-off between investigated three different coherent medium- low-voltage structures. To evaluate degrees expansion, multiple variants determined...

Due to the decarbonization of energy sector and associated integration new electrical loads generators such as electric vehicles or PV systems, grid operators must switch active operation management. This includes control both flexible generation systems based on knowledge important parameters resource utilization node voltage. Smart meters are therefore increasingly being integrated into low-voltage level in order determine status from recorded measurement data topology a basis for However,...

Behind-the-Meter assets are getting more interconnected to realise new applications like flexible tariffs. Cyber-attacks on the resulting control infrastructure may impact a large number of devices, which can result in severe power system. To analyse possible such attacks we developed graph model cyber-physical energy system, representing interdependencies between and This is than used for an analysis cyber-attacks with different attack vectors.