Actions performed by others may have different relevance for the observer, and thus lead to behavioral responses, depending on regions of space in which they are executed. We found that rhesus monkeys, premotor cortex neurons activated both execution observation motor acts (mirror neurons) differentially modulated location observed relative monkey, with about half them preferring either monkey's peripersonal or extrapersonal space. A portion these spatially selective mirror encode according...

The experience of being the initiator one's own actions seems to be infallible at first glance. Misattributions agency in certain neurological or psychiatric patients reveal, however, that central mechanisms underlying this can go astray. In particular, delusions influence schizophrenia might result from deficits an inferential mechanism allows distinguishing whether not a sensory event has been self-produced. This distinction is made by comparing actual information with consequences action...

We studied the effects of small lesions oculomotor vermis cerebellar cortex on ability monkeys to execute and adapt saccadic eye movements. For saccades in one horizontal direction, led an initial gross hypometria a permanent abolition capacity for rapid adaptation. Mean saccade amplitude recovered from hypometria, although variability remained high. A series hundreds repetitive same direction resulted gradual decrement amplitude. Saccades other directions were less strongly affected by...

Thier, Peter and Richard A. Andersen. Electrical microstimulation distinguishes distinct saccade-related areas in the posterior parietal cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1713–1735, 1998. (0.1-ms bipolar pulses at 500 Hz, current strength usually between 100 200 μA) was used to delineate cortex of monkeys. Stimulation-induced saccades were found be restricted lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) sulcus (IPS) a region on medial aspect lobe MP, area), close caudal end cingulate sulcus, whereas...

Cerebellar ataxic gait is characterized by unsteady movements and variable patterns.Previous studies have successfully identified pathological changes of balance-related parameters.However, it has been difficult to demonstrate deficits joint coordination the control limb dynamics.This motivated hypothesis that cerebellar might be affected predominantly balance impairments.We investigated influences different types dysfunction on patterns patients suffering from degenerative disease (13...

The term short-term saccadic adaptation (STSA) captures our ability to unconsciously move the endpoint of a saccade final position visual target that has jumped new location during saccade. STSA depends on integrity cerebellar vermis. We tested hypothesis reflects working mechanism needed avoid 'fatigue', gradual drop in amplitude long series stereotypic saccades. To this end we compared kinematics saccades 14 patients suffering from different forms disease with those controls two tests and...

Objects grasped by an agent have a value not only for the acting agent, but also individual observing grasping act. The that observer attributes to object is can be pivotal selecting possible behavioral response. Mirror neurons in area F5 of monkey premotor cortex been suggested play crucial role understanding action goals. However, it has addressed if these are involved representing object. Here we report observation-related neuronal responses mirror indeed modulated associates with These...

Abstract Thirty‐one neurons which exhibited ocular pursuit‐related activity [visual‐tracking (VT) neurons] were found clustered within area MST‐I (the lateral part of MST) two rhesus monkeys. Their responses studied to determine whether this was correlated only with pursuit eye movement or head as well. The latter hypothesis appeared be preferable since visual, and inputs mapped in register onto most these cells. First, each cell tested ( n =19) the response persisted even absence retinal...

The improvement of motor behavior, based on experience, is a form learning that critically dependent the cerebellum. A well studied example cerebellar short-term saccadic adaptation (STSA). In STSA, information errors used to improve future saccades. optimizing saccade metrics conveyed by Purkinje cells simple spikes (PC-SS) because they are critical input premotor circuits for We recorded PC-SS monkeys undergoing STSA reveal code improving behavior. found discharge individual was unable...

Previous imaging work has shown that the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and intraparietal (IPS) are specifically activated during passive observation of shifts in eye gaze [Pelphrey, K. A., Singerman, J. D., Allison, T., & McCarthy, G. Brain activation evoked by perception shifts: The influence context. Neuropsychologia, 41, 156–170, 2003; Hoffman, E. Haxby, V. Distinct representations identity distributed human neural system for face perception. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 80–84,...

Purkinje cells (PC), the sole output neurons of cerebellar cortex, encode sensorimotor information, but how they do it remains a matter debate. Here we show that PCs use multiplexed spike code. Synchrony/spike time and firing rate different information in behaving monkeys during saccadic eye motion tasks. Using local field potential (LFP) as probe network activity, found infrequent pause spikes, which initiated or terminated intermittent pauses simple trains, provide temporally reliable...

We studied the effects of various patterns as contextual stimuli on human orientation discrimination, and responses neurons in V1 alert monkeys. When a target line is presented along with (masks), discrimination impaired. For most neurons, elicited by receptive field (RF) center are suppressed these patterns. Orientation thresholds observers elevated slightly when surrounded orthogonal lines. randomly oriented lines, further even more so for lines parallel to target. Correspondingly,...