This letter discusses the usage of high-gain steerable antenna arrays operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies for future cellular networks (5G). Based on probable outline 5G networks, a method characterizing phased array antennas in handsets has been introduced. For analyzing performance, total scan pattern configuration together with its respective coverage efficiency are essential to consider order compare different designs and topology approaches each other. Two design subarray...

The millimeter-wave phased array in the user equipment (UE) for 5G communication is studied this letter. In particular, body effect on UE at 15 GHz investigated with 3-D measurement data, and its impact some key parameters UE, such as total scan pattern, coverage efficiency, probability of detection, are analyzed.

Above 6 GHz, radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from the mobile communication user equipment (UE) should be assessed in terms of incident power density, rather than specific absorption rate as below GHz. Such regulatory RF EMF restrictions will constrain transmit UE and its peak equivalent isotropically radiated (EIRP). This paper provides an analysis EIRP levels containing code-book-based beamforming arrays at 28 GHz 39 Different types antenna elements, incremental...

Using Bloch waves to represent the full solution of Maxwell's equations in periodic media, we study limit where material's period becomes much smaller than wavelength. It is seen that for steady state fields, only a few contribute solution. Effective material parameters can be explicitly represented terms dyadic products mean values nonvanishing waves, providing new means homogenization. The representation valid an arbitrary wave vector first Brillouin zone.

Frequency dependence of the permittivity and permeability is inevitable in metamaterial applications such as cloaking perfect lenses. In this paper, Herglotz functions are used a tool to construct sum rules from which we derive physical bounds suited for applications, where material parameters often designed be negative or near zero frequency band interest. Several presented that relate temporal dispersion with difference between static instantaneous parameter values, give upper on bandwidth...

We present a nonresonant circular polarization selective structure (CPSS) based on multiple layers of stacked meander line sheets arranged closely after each other. The has total thickness 13.5 mm (0.68 wavelengths at center frequency 15 GHz) and is realized by cascading printed circuit boards interspaced with low-permittivity foam material, the different are bonded together thin adhesive spray. A design procedure presented that can be used to optimize proposed its target band operation....

This paper presents imaging results from measurements of an industrially manufactured composite test panel, utilizing two introduced algorithms for data postprocessing. The system employs a planar near-field scanning setup characterizing defects in panels the 50-67-GHz band, and can be considered as complementary diagnostic tool nondestructive testing purposes. are based on reconstruction illuminating source at transmitter, enabling separation sampled signal with respect to location its...

This paper presents a study on the physical limitations for radio frequency absorption in gold nanoparticle suspensions.A canonical spherical geometry is considered consisting of suspension colloidal nanoparticles characterized as an arbitrary passive dielectric material which immersed lossy medium.A relative heating coefficient and corresponding optimal near field excitation are defined taking skin effect surrounding medium into account.For small particle suspensions electric dipole...

We present four variational principles for the electric and magnetic polarizabilities a structure consisting of anisotropic media with perfect conductor (PEC) inclusions. From these principles, we derive monotonicity results upper lower bounds on polarizabilities. When computing numerically, can be used as error bounds. The demonstrate important differences between electrostatics magnetostatics when PEC bodies are present.

High-impedance surfaces are artificial synthesized from periodic structures. The high impedance is useful as it does not short circuit electric currents and reflects fields without phase shift. Here, a sum rule presented that relates frequency intervals having with the thickness of structure. used to derive physical bounds on bandwidth for high-impedance composed by structures above perfectly conducting ground plane. Numerical examples illustrate result, show tight.

Based on energy conservation, an optical theorem is constructed for a slab having arbitrary periodic microstructure in plane. A sum rule low pass structures derived using analytic properties of Herglotz functions based causality and passivity. The relates the total cross section to static polarizability per unit cell, quantifies interaction between electromagnetic fields possible over all wavelengths. results are illustrated with several numerical experimental examples.

We show that the blockage in transmission of a screen with periodic microstructure integrated over all wavelengths is bounded by static polarizability per unit area screen. Physical bounds on co-polarized coefficient wavelength interval are presented using only information from zero-frequency properties microstructure. The theoretical results compared to and verified measurements composed large number split ring resonators printed dielectric substrate.

In this paper, the latest study of millimeter wave (mmWave) phased array in mobile terminals for 5G communication is presented. New parameters evaluating mmWave are introduced. Furthermore, hand effect on terminal at 15 GHz also investigated.

Accurate and efficient measurement techniques are needed for an exposure assessment of 5G portable devices, which expected to utilize frequencies beyond 6 GHz with respect radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) limits. At above GHz, these limits expressed in terms the incident power density, thus requiring EMFs be evaluated high precision close vicinity device under test (DUT), i.e., near-field region radiating antenna. This article presents a cutting-edge technique suited needs....

Wireless backhaul using line-of-sight MIMO (LOS-MIMO) has the potential to support increased data-rate demands brought by introduction of fifth generation mobile access technology. In this paper, we present results from an outdoor 1.5-km link eight LOS-MIMO streams in a single channel. The operated at E-band (70/80 GHz) commercial radios and unsynchronized oscillators. An aggregated throughput 139 Gbps was achieved with 99.965% availability, resulting spectrum efficiency 55.6 bps/Hz....

A readily mass-producible, flip-chip assembled, and slot-coupled III-V compound semiconductor dielectric resonator antenna operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum has been fabricated characterized. The a 6.1% relative bandwidth, deduced from its 10 dB return loss over 58.8-62.5 GHz, located around resonance at 60.5 GHz. Gating delay-domain alleviated analysis of complex response measured structure. radiation efficiency is better than -0.1 simulations fed on-chip coupling-structure, but...

This paper describes a method to measure the permittivity and permeability at temperatures from room temperature up 1000°C using single rectangular waveguide. The hardware design of setup that can handle these temperatures, procedure is required correct thermal expansion developed. includes sample displacement, displacement calibration reference planes, waveguide, gap between waveguide wall. Measurements on Macor NiZn ferrite samples are performed in order evaluate performance used determine...

We find effective, or homogenized, material parameters for Maxwell's equations when the microscopic scale becomes small compared to induced by frequencies of imposed currents. After defining a singular value decomposition non-self-adjoint partial differential operator, we expand electromagnetic field in modes corresponding values and show that only smallest make significant contribution total is small. The homogenized can be represented with mean vectors through simple formula, which valid...

This paper presents an overview of how circuit models can be used for analysing wave propagation in stratified structures. Relatively complex structures analysed using which are accessible to undergraduate students. Homogeneous slabs modelled as transmission lines, and thin sheets between the lumped elements. It is seen that electric material properties act shunt elements, magnetic series When have periodic patterns, they represented with resonant circuits. designing, instance, absorber...

We derive the low-frequency behavior of scattering coefficients from a low-pass structure which is periodic in plane, and finite normal direction. The analysis for oblique incidence arbitrary polarization on can be anisotropic both electric magnetic material properties, may contain metal inclusions. inclusions modeled as perfect conductors (PEC) with conductivity. It found that reflection transmission are proportional to sum difference polarizabilities per unit area structure. If PEC instead...

The magnetization of a ferro-or ferri-magnetic material has been modeled with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation.In this model demagnetization effects are included.By applying linearized small signal LLG equation, it was found that can be described by an effective permeability and aid static external biasing field, switched between Lorentz-like exhibits magnetic conductivity.Furthermore, reflection coefficient for normally impinging waves on PEC covered ferro/ferrimagnetic material,...

A microstrip antenna design is introduced in which a rectangular patch coupled electromagnetically with gridded placed above. The consists of nine identical parts separated by distance much smaller than free space wavelength for central frequency. designed to operate the 60 GHz band and fabricated on conventional PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) thin substrate. return loss bandwidth comparable single parasitic aperture antenna, while proposed gain higher. Measurement results are good agreement...

This paper presents a characterization method for millimeter wave (mmWave) phased array antennas in the mobile terminal 5G communication. Arrays of different antenna designs, operating at 28 GHz, are evaluated according to novel methods this context - total scan pattern and its respective coverage efficiency. The results show relevance evaluating designs these characteristics, illustrate, by introducing diversity through sub-array schemes, that efficiency can be enhanced.

This paper presents a convex optimization approach to study optimal realizations of passive electromagnetic structures. The complements recently developed theory and techniques derive sum rules physical limitations for systems operating over given bandwidth. are based solely on the analytical properties corresponding Herglotz functions. However, application is limited by certain assumptions regarding low- high-frequency asymptotic behavior system, typically do not give much information...