This study describes the psychometric similarities and differences in motor timing performance between 20 human subjects three rhesus monkeys during two production tasks. These tasks involved tapping on a push-button to produce same set of intervals (range 450 1,000 ms), but they differed number produced (single vs. multiple) modality stimuli (auditory visual) used define time intervals. The data showed that for both primate species, variability increased as function length target interval...

Temporal information processing is critical for many complex behaviors including speech and music cognition, yet its neural substrate remains elusive. We examined the neurophysiological properties of medial premotor cortex (MPC) two Rhesus monkeys during execution a synchronization-continuation tapping task that includes basic sensorimotor components variety rhythmic behaviors. show time-keeping in MPC governed by separate cell populations. One group encoded time remaining an action, showing...

In the present study we examined performance variability of a group 13 subjects in eight different tasks that involved processing temporal intervals subsecond range. These differed their sensorimotor (S; perception vs. production), modality stimuli used to define (M; auditory visual), and number (N; one or four). Different analytical techniques were determine existence central distributed timing mechanism across tasks. The results showed linear increase as function interval duration all...

Gamma (γ) and beta (β) oscillations seem to play complementary functions in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit (CBGT) during motor behavior. We investigated time-varying changes of putaminal spiking activity spectral power local field potentials (LFPs) a task where rhythmic tapping monkeys was guided by isochronous stimuli separated fixed duration (synchronization phase), followed period internally timed movements (continuation phase). found that both bands discharge rate...

It was recently shown that rhythmic entrainment, long considered a human-specific mechanism, can be demonstrated in selected group of bird species, and, somewhat surprisingly, not more closely related species such as nonhuman primates. This observation supports the vocal learning hypothesis suggests entrainment to by-product mechanisms are shared by several and mammal including humans, but only weakly developed, or missing entirely, To test this we measured auditory event-related potentials...

Our motor commands can be exquisitely timed according to the demands of environment, and ability generate rhythms different tempos is a hallmark musical cognition. Yet, neuronal underpinnings behind rhythmic tapping remain elusive. Here, we found that activity hundreds primate medial premotor cortices (MPCs; pre-supplementary area [preSMA] supplementary [SMA]) neurons show strong periodic pattern becomes evident when their responses are projected into state space using dimensionality...

We determined the response properties of neurons in primate medial premotor cortex that were classified as sensory or motor during isochronous tapping to a visual auditory metronome, using different target intervals and three sequential elements task. The cell classification was based on warping transformation, which whether activity statistically aligned events, finding large proportion cells motor. Two distinctive clusters observed, i.e. one population with short response-onset latencies...

Abstract Beat entrainment is the ability to entrain one's movements a perceived periodic stimulus, such as metronome or pulse in music. Humans have capacity predictively respond and dynamically adjust their movement timing match varying music tempos. Previous studies shown that monkeys share some of human capabilities for rhythmic entrainment, tapping regularly at period isochronous stimuli. However, it still unknown whether can dynamic tempo changes like humans. To address this question, we...

Charles Darwin suggested the perception of rhythm to be common all animals. While only recently experimental research is finding some support for this claim, there are also aspects cognition that appear species-specific, such as capability perceive a regular pulse (or beat) in varying rhythm. In current study, using EEG, we adapted an auditory oddball paradigm allows disentangling contributions beat and isochrony temporal predictability stimulus. We presented two rhesus monkeys (Macaca...

In the present study we determined performance interrelations of ten different tasks that involved processing temporal intervals in subsecond range, using multidimensional analyses. Twenty human subjects executed following explicit timing tasks: interval categorization and discrimination (perceptual tasks), single multiple tapping (production tasks). addition, performed a continuous circle-drawing task has been considered an implicit paradigm, since time is emergent property produced spatial...

It has been proposed that a functional overlap exists in the brain for temporal and spatial information processing. To test this, we designed two relative categorization tasks which human subjects Rhesus monkey had to assign time intervals or distances "short" "long" category according varying prototypes. The performance of both species was analyzed using psychometric techniques showed they may have similar perceptual, memory, and/or decision mechanisms, specially estimation intervals. We...

Perceptual categorization depends on the assignment of different stimuli to specific groups based, in principle, notion flexible categorical boundaries. To determine neural basis boundaries, we record activity pre-SMA neurons monkeys executing an interval task which limit between short and long categories changes blocks trials within a session. A large population cells encodes this boundary by reaching constant peak close corresponding subjective limit. Notably, time at is reached according...

The ability to synchronize bodily movements with regular auditory rhythm across a broad range of tempos underlies humans' capacity for playing music and dancing. This capability is prevalent human cultures but relatively uncommon among non-human species. Recent research indicates that monkeys can predictively regular, isochronous metronomes, exhibiting preference visual rather than sequences. In this study, we trained macaques perform synchronization tapping task, testing their abilities...

Although the release of mesoaccumbal dopamine is certainly involved in rewarding responses, recent studies point to importance interaction between it and glutamate. One important component this network anterior nucleus accumbens shell (aNAcSh), which sends GABAergic projections into lateral hypothalamus (LH) receives extensive glutamatergic inputs from, among others, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The effects activation aNAcSh on ingestion stimuli as well its effect LH mPFC are not...

Many animal species show comparable abilities to detect basic rhythms and produce rhythmic behavior. Yet, the capacities process complex synchronize behavior appear be species-specific: vocal learning animals can, but some primates might not. This discrepancy is of high interest as there a putative link between rhythm processing development sophisticated sensorimotor in humans. Do our closest ancestors endogenous dispositions sample acoustic environment absence task instructions training? We...

A critical question in tapping behavior is to understand whether the temporal control exerted on duration and trajectory of downward-upward hand movement or pause between movements. In present study, we determined both execution pauses monkeys performing a synchronization-continuation task (SCT), using speed profile their behavior. We found linear increase variance pause-duration as function interval, while motor implementation was relatively constant across intervals. fact, 96% variability...

We describe a technique to semichronically record the cortical extracellular neural activity in behaving monkey employing commercial high-density electrodes. After design and construction of low cost microdrives that allow varying depth recording locations after implantation surgery, we recorded unit from pools neurons at different depths presupplementary motor cortex (pre-SMA) rhesus trained tapping task. The collected data were processed classify cells as putative pyramidal or interneurons...

It has been argued that perception, decision making, and movement planning are in reality tightly interwoven brain processes. However, how they implemented neural circuits is still a matter of debate. We tested human subjects temporal categorization task which intervals had to be categorized as short or long. Subjects communicated their by moving cursor into one two possible targets, appeared separated different angles from trial trial. Even though there was 1 second-long delay between...

Summary Synchronizing movements to music is one of the hallmarks human culture whose evolutionary and neurobiological origins remain unknown. The ability synchronize requires 1) detecting a steady rhythmic pulse, or beat, out stream complex sounds, 2) projecting this pattern forward in time predict future input, 3) timing motor commands anticipation predicted beats. Here, we demonstrate that macaque capable synchronizing taps subjective beat real music, even spontaneously chooses do so over...