The precise quantification of time during motor performance is critical for many complex behaviors, including musical execution, speech articulation, and sports; however, its neural mechanisms are primarily unknown. We found that neurons in the medial premotor cortex (MPC) behaving monkeys tuned to duration produced intervals rhythmic tapping tasks. Interval-tuned showed similar preferred across behaviors varied number modality used drive temporal processing. In addition, we same population...

We propose a decomposition of the neurocognitive mechanisms that might underlie interval-based timing and rhythmic entrainment. Next to reviewing concepts central definition entrainment, we discuss recent studies suggest entrainment be specific humans selected group bird species, but, surprisingly, is not obvious in nonhuman primates. On basis these gradual audiomotor evolution hypothesis suggests fully share with other primates, but only partially ability (or beat-based timing). This...

This study describes the psychometric similarities and differences in motor timing performance between 20 human subjects three rhesus monkeys during two production tasks. These tasks involved tapping on a push-button to produce same set of intervals (range 450 1,000 ms), but they differed number produced (single vs. multiple) modality stimuli (auditory visual) used define time intervals. The data showed that for both primate species, variability increased as function length target interval...

Temporal information processing is critical for many complex behaviors including speech and music cognition, yet its neural substrate remains elusive. We examined the neurophysiological properties of medial premotor cortex (MPC) two Rhesus monkeys during execution a synchronization-continuation tapping task that includes basic sensorimotor components variety rhythmic behaviors. show time-keeping in MPC governed by separate cell populations. One group encoded time remaining an action, showing...

In the present study we examined performance variability of a group 13 subjects in eight different tasks that involved processing temporal intervals subsecond range. These differed their sensorimotor (S; perception vs. production), modality stimuli used to define (M; auditory visual), and number (N; one or four). Different analytical techniques were determine existence central distributed timing mechanism across tasks. The results showed linear increase as function interval duration all...

Gamma (γ) and beta (β) oscillations seem to play complementary functions in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit (CBGT) during motor behavior. We investigated time-varying changes of putaminal spiking activity spectral power local field potentials (LFPs) a task where rhythmic tapping monkeys was guided by isochronous stimuli separated fixed duration (synchronization phase), followed period internally timed movements (continuation phase). found that both bands discharge rate...

We determined the encoding properties of single cells and decoding accuracy cell populations in medial premotor cortex (MPC) Rhesus monkeys to represent a time-varying fashion duration serial order six intervals produced rhythmically during synchronization-continuation tapping task. found that MPC represented temporal sequential structure rhythmic movements by activating small ensembles neurons encoded or rapid succession, so pattern active changed dramatically within each interval....

It was recently shown that rhythmic entrainment, long considered a human-specific mechanism, can be demonstrated in selected group of bird species, and, somewhat surprisingly, not more closely related species such as nonhuman primates. This observation supports the vocal learning hypothesis suggests entrainment to by-product mechanisms are shared by several and mammal including humans, but only weakly developed, or missing entirely, To test this we measured auditory event-related potentials...

β oscillations in the basal ganglia have been associated with interval timing. We recorded putaminal local field potentials (LFPs) from monkeys performing a synchronization-continuation task (SCT) and serial reaction-time (RTT), where animals produced regularly irregularly paced tapping sequences, respectively. compared activation profile of between tasks found transient bursts activity both RTT SCT. During RTT, power was higher at beginning task, especially when LFPs were aligned to...

The neural underpinnings of rhythmic behavior, including music and dance, have been studied using the synchronization-continuation task (SCT), where subjects initially tap in synchrony with an isochronous metronome then keep tapping at a similar rate via internal beat mechanism. Here, we provide behavioral evidence that supports resetting drift-diffusion model (DDM) during SCT. Behaviorally, show replicates linear relation between mean standard-deviation intervals produced by monkeys We...

Our motor commands can be exquisitely timed according to the demands of environment, and ability generate rhythms different tempos is a hallmark musical cognition. Yet, neuronal underpinnings behind rhythmic tapping remain elusive. Here, we found that activity hundreds primate medial premotor cortices (MPCs; pre-supplementary area [preSMA] supplementary [SMA]) neurons show strong periodic pattern becomes evident when their responses are projected into state space using dimensionality...

Abstract Based on prior findings of content-specific beta synchronization in working memory and decision making, we hypothesized that oscillations support the (re-)activation cortical representations by mediating neural ensemble formation. We found activity monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) reflects content a stimulus relation to task context, regardless its objective properties. In duration- distance-categorization tasks, changed boundary...

The neural substrate for beat extraction and response entrainment to rhythms is not fully understood. Here we analyze the activity of medial premotor neurons in monkeys performing isochronous tapping guided by brief flashing stimuli or auditory tones. population dynamics shared following properties across modalities: circular trajectories form a regenerating loop every produced interval; converge similar state space at times resetting clock; tempo synchronized encoded combination amplitude...

We recorded the neuronal activity in arm area of motor cortex and parietal 7a two monkeys during interception stimuli moving real apparent motion. The stimulus moved along a circular path with one five speeds (180–540°/s), was intercepted at 6 o’clock by exerting force pulse on semi-isometric joystick which controlled cursor screen. were shown adjacent positions every 16 ms, whereas motion situation flashed successively vertices regular pentagon. results showed, first, that group neurons...

In the present study, we investigated how directional tuning of putative pyramidal cells is sharpened by inhibition from neighboring interneurons. First, different functional and electrophysiological criteria were used to identify interneuronal subtypes in a large database motor cortical recorded during performance three-dimensional center-out task. Then analyzed relationship between magnitude width, significant decrease latter as function former was found population cells. fact, coupling...

We determined the response properties of neurons in primate medial premotor cortex that were classified as sensory or motor during isochronous tapping to a visual auditory metronome, using different target intervals and three sequential elements task. The cell classification was based on warping transformation, which whether activity statistically aligned events, finding large proportion cells motor. Two distinctive clusters observed, i.e. one population with short response-onset latencies...