In this paper, we investigate the use of fat tissue as a communication channel between in-body, implanted devices at R-band frequencies (1.7⁻2.6 GHz). The proposed is based on an anatomical model human body. We propose novel probe that optimized to efficiently radiate into tissue. our evaluate path loss by studying transmission coefficient over frequencies. conduct extensive simulation studies and validate results experimentation phantom ex-vivo porcine tissue, with good agreement...

The microwave sensing technique is a possible and attractive alternative modality to standard X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography methods for medical diagnostic applications. This beneficial since it uses non-ionizing radiation that can be potentially used the healthcare system. main purpose of this paper present analyze variations in biological tissue thickness, considering effects physiological properties on signals. In order fulfill goal, we have developed two-port...

Recently, the human fat tissue has been proposed as a microwave channel for intra-body sensor applications. In this work, we assess how disturbances can prevent reliable propagation through channel. Perturbants of different sizes are considered. The simulation and experimental results show that efficient communication is possible even in presence perturbants such embedded muscle layers blood vessels. We not affected by smaller than 15 mm cube.

In this Letter, the preliminary study on progression of osteoporosis using ultra wide band radar technique suggesting two different cases, (1) For various bone thickness and (2) effective permittivity is presented. To monitor osteoporosis, resistively loaded dipole antenna was designed used as a sensor. use in targets representing intermediate stages progression, methanol, ethanol, water, wood were for emulating dielectric constant real situation. Measurement results show consistent decrease...

In recent research, microwave sensors have been used to follow up the recovery of lower extremity trauma patients. This is done mainly by monitoring changes dielectric properties limb tissues such as skin, fat, muscle, and bone. As part characterization sensor, it crucial assess signal penetration in vivo tissues. work presents a new approach for investigating depth planar based on Split-Ring Resonator context femoral area. optimization 3D simulation model using platform CST Microwave Studio...

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications in lower-extremity bony-fracture rehabilitation systems require real-time biophysical data. Emerging and interesting solutions are microwave approaches that provide good contrast between hard soft tissues local anomalies inside tissues. Preliminarily some contacting non-invasive planar methods have been investigated their feasibility of detecting human variations with promising results. In this work we introduce two new sensors for a approach hip...

The potential offered by the intra-body communication (IBC) over past few years has resulted in a spike of interest for topic, specifically medical applications. Fat-IBC is subsequently novel alternative technique that utilizes fat tissue as channel. This work aimed to identify such transmission medium and its performance varying blood-vessel systems at 2.45 GHz, particularly context IBC It incorporated three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic simulations laboratory investigations implemented...

This paper aims at the non-invasive analysis of fruit quality using Split Ring Resonator sensor and correlating results with dielectric variations in due to ageing. The microwave split ring resonator (SRR) is used differentiate between fresh aged Red Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisi) over frequency band ranging from 1-10 GHz 1 day 2 weeks measurement time points. A relative difference, mean epsilon (over 5 samples) values good grapefruits, 30% 40% are found for real imaginary part permittivity...

In recent studies, it has been found that fat tissue can be used as a microwave communication channel. this article, the effect of thickness inhomogeneities in tissues on performance in-body at 2.45 GHz is investigated using phantom models. We considered two models namely concave and convex geometrical distribution to account for inhomogeneities. The varied from 5 mm 45 Gap between transmitter/receiver starting ending concavity/convexity 0 25 length 100 study behavior propagation. phantoms...

Intra cranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is used in treating severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. All current clinical available measurement methods are invasive presenting considerable social costs. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of the feasibility ICP using an innovative microwave-based non-invasive approach. A phantom mimicking dielectric characteristics human tissues upper part head at low microwave frequencies employed together to proof-of-concept prototype...

In this letter, a preliminary study of the progression bone healing in hip fracture model is done using non-invasive Split Ring Resonator sensor (SRR). An SRR was designed and used on phantom models representing different locations femur such as distal, thigh trochanter. For use these targets to morphologies tissues are considered their equivalent phantoms realized. The simulation measurement results show that various tissue morphology can be distinguished frequency domain analysis. With...

Multi-layer phantoms in proofs of concept, designs and validations both microwave-based biomedical sensing imaging system are becoming popular means to facilitate in-vitro experiments. In addition, they can contribute significantly reduce animal use scientific experimentation. this paper, we design fabricate a four-layer phantom composed skin, skull, cerebrospinal fluid brain mimic tissues work between 2 3 GHz. the incorporates mechanism produce pressure variation tissues. This is used an...

In the BDAS project one of goals is to provide a solution monitoring bone healing issue complementing current techniques. Data have been collected in clinical trials from infants treated for Craniosynostosis by craniotomy surgery. The data are with biomedical sensor based microwave technology. This could be able sense changes composition different tissues upperhemisphere head noticing difference propagation microwaves, as injury heals over time. this thesis, we analyse incorporating new...

Lack of Information about how bone mineralization progress over time in the cranial vault newborns makes it difficult to quantitatively assess recovery after surgical intervention. Available technologies are considerably risky reduce this gap and new solutions nowadays being researched. Sensors operating at low microwave frequencies could be devised read some changes composition superficial layers head which skull a substantial part. These associated different stages mineralization. This...

Microwave based biomedical sensors can monitor the changes in dielectric parameters of materials it interacts with. In physiological realm, there are many dynamics happening during stages such as, bedridden, medical rehabilitation and physical training. The involve change tissue mass its construct, which will make variations their properties. Thus, microwaves potential candidates provide feedbacks on exercises. To best authors' knowledge, this data is not yet well correlated to diseases or...

A soft and highly directive, proximity-coupled split-ring resonator fabricated with a liquid alloy, copper polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented. The same was designed for sensing osteogenesis of calvarial bone. As dielectric properties bone grafts in ossifying defects should change during the process, devices like this could monitor gradual transformation defect into by differentiating changes as shifts resonance frequency. Computational Software Technology (CST) Microwave Studio®-based...

This paper investigates the design of directional branch-line coupler using constant width multiple sections series and open microstrip line stubs. device is operating at center frequency 2.45 GHz. The designed having good performance for band 2-3 proposed compared with a typical branch shows improved performance. simulated fabricated on Fibreglass-resin laminate (FR4) substrate height 1.5 mm. results experimented circuits are discussed analyzed. circuit measured Combination Analyzer N9918A...

This article presents a new method for studying the near-field electromagnetic interaction between dielectric filled open ended circular waveguide (OECW) and layered structure.The proposed model is based on plane wave spectrum theory using novel computationally efficient two step integration method.The first integral, involving multiple singularities in path, efficiently solved deformed elliptical path which encircles of integral.The infinite domain tail integral slowly converging integrand...

In this paper, we investigate the use of fat tissue as a communication channel between in-body, implanted devices at R-band frequencies (1.7–2.6 GHz). The proposed is based on an anatomical model human body. We propose novel probe that optimized to efficiently radiate into tissue. our evaluate path loss by studying transmission coefficient over frequencies. conduct extensive simulation studies and validate results experimentation phantom ex-vivo porcine tissue, with good agreement...

This study aims to investigate the reliability of intra-body microwave propagation through fat tissue in presence blood vessels. Here, we consider three types vessels with different sizes. We impact number and their alignment on transmission signals channel. In our study, employ two probes that act as a transmitter receiver. The are designed operate at Industrial, Scientific, Medical radio band (2.45 GHz). For channel length 100 mm, results indicate may increase path loss by ~1.5 dB ~4.5...

Bone defects due to different diseases and trauma represent a significant health problem. For the follow up on healing process sensor which measures bone mineral density has been developed in form of sensitive split-ring microwave resonator. However, it is not only important but also find ways improving healing, where one way exploited here use an externally applied low frequency magnetic field increase cell proliferation fractured bones. This combines high (microwave) technique with...