Introduction: Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and ocular morbidity throughout the world. The present study was done to establish common causes in a Tertiary Care Hospital Western Nepal.Methods: In this prospective study, all patients with visiting eye Out Patient Department (OPD) Emergency Gandaki Medical College Teaching (GMCTH) from June 2015 2016 were included. A complete history detailed ophthalmological evaluation done.Results: Over period one year, 226 attended OPD...

Introduction: Swelling of the thyroid gland is a commonly encountered clinical problem in all age groups whether benign or malignant. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) lesions along with hormonal function test helps proper preoperative assessment. Ultimately it changes management and improves patient outcome.Objectives: To describe cytomorphological features palpable nodules using fine needle aspiration cytology assessment status patient.Methods: The study was conducted Department...

Introduction: Seizures are the most common neurological emergency and one of reasons for paediatrics hospital admissions. This study aimed to identify etiology, clinical profile, immediate outcome children with first episode seizure in Eastern Nepal. Methods: was a prospective descriptive carried out Tertiary Care Centre from September 2022 August 2023. Ethical clearance taken Institutional Review Committee (Ref no:654/2022). Convenience sampling done include 170 presenting at age 6 months...

Background: Respiratory diseases pose a significant challenge in Nepali clinical settings due to elevated smoking rates and environmental risks. This study explores the structural changes conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, utilizing noninvasive multi-detector computed tomography assess airway remodeling. Despite conflicting western literature on bronchoarterial ratios, this research emphasizes importance of evaluating these ratios Nepalese...

ABSTRACT A patient with fever presented to the referral infectious disease hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Metagenomic sequencing of patient’s serum recovered a near-complete genome human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), distinct from previous HIV-1 genomes Nepal GenBank. It shared 92.48% nucleotide identity an subtype C isolate India.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility in females, affecting between 6 to 22% women worldwide. This study aimed clinical and biochemical profile patients with PCOS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional was carried out. The who visited Gynecology Obstetrics department, College Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Chitwan complaints unable conceive, irregular cycle abnormal bleeding diagnosed polycystic were included this study. Data analyzed by...

Introduction: Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) enzyme is a poorly glycosylated responsible for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. TPO antibodies appear where there tissue destruction in follicles, thereby making it good marker detection autoimmune disorders. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze significance anti-TPO patients undergoing function test. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional on 235 who had undergone tests (TFTs) along with anti-TPO. Overnight fasting samples were collected,...

Background: The correct estimation of gestational age is great importance for managing pregnancy. Determining by the first-trimester scan considered gold standard, but classical calculation from last menstrual period also useful. Fetal biometry widely used, trans-cerebellar diameter can be very important, especially in low-income countries. Material and Methods: This was a prospective analytical study carried out Tertiary Care Centre 21stMarch, 2023 to 20thMarch, 2024. Ethical clearance...

Background: Pleural effusion is the collection of fluid in pleural space. Divided into exudative and transudative type. This study aims to find clinical profile, etiology, outcome patients with effusion. Materials Methods: was a prospective descriptive done tertiary center from 8th March 2024 7th September 2024. Ethical approval taken institutional review committee (Ref:12/2024). A total 60 adult new onset were included study, their demographics, immediate being studied. Results: included,...

Background: Diabetes poses risks during gestation, with 80% attributed to gestational diabetes mellitus. It leads complications from pre-conception long-term. Infants born diabetic mothers face various challenges, spontaneous abortions congenital anomalies. The study aimed assess the clinical profile and outcome of infants at Nobel Medical College. Methods: This was a prospective observational carried out in Department Pediatrics, College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar September 2022 August...

A growth or tumor of nerve is neuroma. Localised and circumscribed neuromas are termed as true neoplasm, per James W. Patterson's quotation. Further, Palisaded encapsulated Neuroma (PEN) a distinctive cutaneous nodular lesion often in the head, neck face regions benign. They have schwannian axonal components. 30 year old male presented to surgical OPD with enlargement scar behind ear. Grossly these usually pear shaped bulb like dermal nodule. Microscopy showed peripheral circumscription for...

Iatrogenic pneumothorax is life threatening complication that an anesthesiologist may encounter in operating room while performing various procedure such as central venous catheterization brachial plexus block paravertebral or during surgery like pyelolithotomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Ultrasound can be the diagnostic tool for prompt diagnosis and managementof these situations. As there overwhelm use of ultrasound emergency department ICU setting, by...

Background: Promotion of breastfeeding has been identified as one the effective evidence based interventions to improve health infants and young children. Various factors play an important role in practices which are not sufficiently explored communities like Chepang Nepal. The objectives study were identify knowledge mothers on its associated factors. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive was carried out 203 with child under year age randomly selected interviewed. Quantitative method...

Background: Millions worldwide are affected by hemorrhoids (prevalence 2.9%-27.9%), causing symptoms in over 4% of individuals. These anorectal disorders result from enlarged anal hemorrhoidal cushions, often due to constipation. Internal or external, they're graded prolapse severity, with common including painless rectal bleeding. Treatment options range conservative surgical, the gold standard, Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, associated postoperative pain. Laser hemorrhoidoplasty, a...

This study addresses the rarity of subhepatic location appendix, found in only 0.08% cases, and infrequent occurrence perforated appendicitis presenting with gas under diaphragm. When these two uncommon conditions coincide context one common causes acute abdomen, namely appendicitis, it poses a diagnostic challenge for surgical residents training. The case presented involves patient generalized abdominal pain, soft tenderness over all quadrants, particularly right upper quadrant. Her chest...

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical problems in world, with a high risk men. The treatment modalities have evolved from open to laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopic procedures are getting attention and widespread utilization among surgeons. choice between two still debate This study aims compare transabdominal pre-peritoneal approach totally extraperitoneal its perioperative outcomes. Materials Methods: A prospective analytical was conducted on 86 adult patients,...

Background: The prevalence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Nepal ranges from 2.44% to 6.45%. gallstones increases with age. Age is considered be one the major risk factors determining results morbidity and mortality during cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic gold standard modality for management gallstones. Objectives: aim this study was determine clinical outcome elderly. Methods: This a descriptive cross-sectional observational done after ethical clearance. Retrospective data were included...

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard modality for treatment of gall bladder diseases. Sometimes LC needs to be converted open due intraoperative complications. A few factors like age, body weight, comorbidities, ASA score, and surgeons’ experience will warn about possible complications need conversion open. Prior prediction difficulties surgeon prepare accordingly. The patient’s family also counseled regarding it. Objectives: To identify predicting difficult LC....

Introduction: Intussusception, occurring most commonly in 6-month to 3-year-olds, involves bowel invagination with symptoms like abdominal pain, red currant jelly stool, and a palpable mass. The preferred treatment is non-operative, especially stable cases without contraindications. Non-operative methods include ultrasound-guided hydrostatic pneumatic reduction, as well fluoroscopic-guided reduction barium air enema. Methods: prospective study took place at specialized pediatric hospital...

This study explored biosorption of Zn (II) onto raw saw dust (RSD) and modified (MSD) prepared by using dust. The adsorption capacity was determined at equilibrium with the help batch technique different parameters like pH solution, contact time adsorbent, initial concentration metal ions biosorbent dose. Spectrophotometric analysis resultant sample shows that loading adsorbent increases as value attaining maximum 6. zinc on both found to follow pseudo second order kinetics. for be 60 120...