Although zwitterionic chemistries are among the most promising materials for producing nonfouling surfaces, their structural diversity has been low until now. Here, we compare in vitro fouling behavior of a set four systematically varied sulfa-/sulfobetaine-containing hydrogel coatings against series proteins and nonmotile as well motile marine organisms model foulers. The prepared by simultaneous photoinduced cross-linking surface anchoring to elucidate effect molecular structure moieties...

Abstract The impact of the orientation zwitterionic groups, with respect to polymer backbone, on antifouling performance thin hydrogel films made polyzwitterions is explored. In an extension recent discussion about differences in behavior polymeric phosphatidylcholines and choline phosphates, a quasi‐isomeric set three poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s designed for this purpose. design based established monomer 3‐[N‐2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐ N , ‐dimethyl]ammonio‐propane‐1‐sulfonate two novel...

Zwitterionic materials received great attention in recent studies due to their high antifouling potential, though application practical coatings is still challenging. Amphiphilic polymers have been proven be an effective method combat fouling the marine environment. This study reports incorporation of small amounts zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) into hydrophobic ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether acrylate (DCPEA). A new set copolymers with varying amphiphilicities was...

Combining high hydrophilicity with charge neutrality, polyzwitterions are intensely explored for their biocompatibility and low-fouling properties. Recent reports indicated that in addition to the zwitterion's segmental dipole orientation is an important factor interacting environment. Accordingly, a series of polysulfobetaines novel architecture was designed, which cationic anionic groups zwitterionic moiety placed at equal distances from backbone. They were investigated by vitro biofouling...

Hydrophilic coatings exhibit ultra-low fouling properties in numerous laboratory experiments. In stark contrast, the antifouling effect of such vitro failed when performing field tests marine environment. The release performance nonionic and zwitterionic hydrophilic polymers was substantially reduced compared to controlled Microscopy spectroscopy revealed that a large proportion accumulated material contains inorganic compounds diatomaceous soil. Diatoms adhered on coating, but not pristine...

Films of zwitterionic polymers are increasingly explored for conferring fouling resistance to materials. Yet, the structural diversity polyzwitterions is rather limited so far, and clear structure-property relationships missing. Therefore, we synthesized a series new combining ammonium sulfate groups in their betaine moieties, so-called poly(sulfabetaine)s. Their chemical structures were varied systematically, monomers carrying methacrylate, methacrylamide, or styrene moieties as...

Hybrid materials (HMs) offer unique properties as they combine inorganic and organic components into a single material. Here, we developed HM coatings for marine antifouling applications using sol-gel chemistry naturally occurring polysaccharides. The were characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, AFM, ATR-FTIR, their stability was tested in saline media. Marine fouling-release laboratory assays against the settlement of larvae barnacle Balanus improvisus removal...

Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) consisting of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (Ch) are extensively studied for biomedical applications suppress bacterial protein attachment. Here, we prepared tested HA/Ch PEMs as marine fouling-release coatings. were constructed by layer-by-layer assembly using spin coating. The crosslinked enhanced stability in the sea water environment chemical thermal treatment. Protein-repelling properties investigated surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy....

Hydrogel coatings effectively reduce the attachment of proteins and organisms in laboratory assays, particular when made from zwitterionic monomers. In field experiments with multiple species non-living material, such suffer adsorption particulate matter. this study, monomer 3-[N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonio] propanesulfonate (SPE) was copolymerized increasing amounts photo-crosslinker benzophenon-4-yloxyethyl methacrylate (BPEMA) to systematically alter density crosslinks...

Dendritic polyglycerols (PGs) were grafted onto surfaces using a ring-opening polymerization reaction, and the fouling-release properties against marine organisms determined. The coatings characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, ATR-FTIR, stability tests in different aqueous media. A high resistance toward attachment of proteins was found. PG with three thicknesses tested laboratory assay diatom Navicula incerta field rotating disk. Under static conditions, did...

While the use of deep learning is a valuable technology for automatic detection systems medical data and images, biofouling community still lacking an analytical tool counting diatoms on samples after short-term field exposure. In this work, fully convolutional neural network was implemented as fast simple approach to detect two-channel (fluorescence phase-contrast) microscopy images by predicting bounding boxes. The developed performs well with only small number trainable parameters F1...

Amphiphilic polymer coatings combining hydrophilic elements, in particular zwitterionic groups, and hydrophobic elements comprise a promising strategy to decrease biofouling. However, the influence of content component on interfacial molecular reorganization dynamics anti-fouling performance is not well understood. Therefore, amphiphilic copolymers sulfobetaine methacrylate 3-[N-2'-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]-ammonio propane-1-sulfonate (SPE) are prepared which contain increasing...

Abstract The three dominating polyzwitterion families, polyphosphatidylcholines, polycarboxybetaines, and polysulfobetaines, all of which provide high fouling resistance, have been complemented by a fourth one recently, the so‐called polysulfabetaines that combine ammonium with sulfate moieties. To elucidate relationship between their structure antifouling potential, coatings set systematically varied poly(sulfabetaine methacrylate)s are investigated. In particular, effects spacer groups,...

Quick and reliable testing is crucial for the development of new fouling release (FR) coatings. Exposure these coatings to natural multispecies communities essential in evaluating their efficacy. To this end, we present a rotating disk setup dynamic field exposure. achieve well-defined flow on surface disk, an easy use sample mounting system was developed that provides smooth even surface. We related angular velocity wall shear stress with hydrodynamic model. The adjusted values previously...

While zwitterionic interfaces are known for their excellent low-fouling properties, the underlying molecular principles still under debate. In particular, role of zwitterion orientation at interface has been discussed recently. For elucidation effect this parameter, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold were prepared from stoichiometric mixtures oppositely charged alkyl thiols bearing either a quaternary ammonium or carboxylate moiety. The chain length cationic component...

The application of electric fields to conductive coatings is an environmentally friendly way reduce biofilm formation. In particular alternating potentials (APs) have received increasing attention in recent studies. Here, electrochemical rotating disk setup for dynamic field exposure experiments was developed study how APs alter the attachment fouling organisms a multispecies ocean environment. A specific focus device design proper integration potentiostat strongly corroding saltwater effect...