The role of the brain in chronic pain conditions remains speculative. We compared morphology 26 back (CBP) patients to matched control subjects, using magnetic resonance imaging scan data and automated analysis techniques. CBP were divided into neuropathic, exhibiting because sciatic nerve damage, non-neuropathic groups. Pain-related characteristics correlated morphometric measures. Neocortical gray matter volume was after skull normalization. Patients with showed 5-11% less neocortical than...

PET was used to image the neural system underlying visuospatial attention. Analysis of data at both group and individual-subject level provided anatomical resolution superior that described date. Six right-handed male subjects were selected from a pilot behavioural study in which responses eye movements recorded. The attention tasks involved covert shifts attention, where peripheral cues indicated location subsequent target stimuli be discriminated. One condition emphasized reflexive aspects...

Functional MRI was used to examine cerebral activations in 12 subjects while they performed a spatial attention task. This study applied more stringent behavioural and cognitive controls than previously for similar experiments: (i) were included only if showed evidence of attentional shifts performing the task magnet; (ii) experimental baseline condition designed eliminate contributions motor output, visual fixation, inhibition eye movements, working memory conditional (no-go) component...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to determine whether visual responses food in the human amygdala and related corticolimbic structures would be selectively altered by changes states of hunger. Participants viewed images motivationally relevant (food) irrelevant (tool) objects while undergoing fMRI alternately hungry satiated conditions. Food-related stimuli elicited greater amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus. anterior fusiform gyrus when participants were a state relative...

Flavor perception arises from the central integration of peripherally distinct sensory inputs (taste, smell, texture, temperature, sight, and even sound foods). The results psychophysical neuroimaging studies in humans are converging with electrophysiological findings animals a picture neural correlates flavor processing is beginning to emerge. Here we used event-related fMRI evaluate brain response during flavors (i.e., taste/odor liquid mixtures not differing temperature or texture)...

Brain activation differences between 12 control and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children (9- to 12-year-olds) were examined on two cognitive tasks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Visual selective was measured with the visual search of a conjunction target (red triangle) in field distracters response inhibition go/no-go task.There limited group task, showing significantly greater intensity small area superior parietal lobule region interest. There large...

Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine the functional anatomy of word comprehension in auditory and visual modalities presentation. We asked our subjects determine if pairs were semantically associated (e.g., table, chair) compared this a reference task where they judge whether rhymed bank, tank). This comparison showed task‐specific modality‐independent activation for semantic processing heteromodal cortices left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 46, 47) middle...

Abstract Developmental differences in the neurocognitive networks for lexical processing were examined 15 adults and children (9-to 12-year-olds) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The tasks involved spelling rhyming judgments either visual or auditory modality. These compared with nonlinguistic control involving of line patterns tone sequences. first main finding was that showed greater activation than during cross-modal a region proposed to be mapping between orthographic...

To evaluate the effect of an abstract motivational incentive on top-down mechanisms visual spatial attention, 10 subjects engaged in a target detection task and responded to targets preceded by spatially valid (predictive), invalid (misleading) or neutral central cues under three different conditions: win money (WIN), lose (LOSE), (neither gain nor lose). Activation posterior cingulate cortex was correlated with expectancy, defined as degree which cue benefited performance evidenced faster...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has recently been adopted as an investigational tool in the field of neuroscience. The signal changes induced by brain activations are small ( approximately 1-2%) at 1.5T. Therefore, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) time series used to calculate functional maps is critical. In this study, minimum SNR required detect expected MR change determined using computer simulations for typical fMRI experimental designs. These results independent manufacturer,...

An emerging theory of the neurobiology category learning postulates that there are separate neural systems supporting categories based on verbalizeable rules (RB) or through implicit information integration (II). The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is thought to play a crucial role in successful RB categorization, whereas posterior regions caudate hypothesized support II categorization. Functional neuroimaging was used assess activity these during category-learning tasks with structures designed...

How does the human brain integrate information from multiple domains to guide spatial attention according motivational needs? To address this question, we measured hemodynamic responses central cues predicting locations of peripheral attentional targets (food or tool images) in a novel covert paradigm. The relevance food-related was experimentally manipulated via hunger and satiety. Amygdala, posterior cingulate, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra showed selective sensitivity when hungry but...

It is widely assumed that the thalamus functionally irrelevant for sense of smell. Although animal studies suggest mediodorsal (MD) links primary olfactory (piriform) cortex to neocortical projection sites in orbitofrontal (OFC), this transthalamic route regarded be inconsequential, particularly compared with a direct monosynaptic pathway linking piriform and OFC. In study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging novel effective connectivity techniques measure attention-dependent...