Abstract Functional differentiation of dorsal (dACC) and rostral (rACC) anterior cingulate cortex for cognitive emotional function has received considerable indirect support. Using fMRI, parallel tasks, within‐subject analysis, the present study directly tested proposed specialization ACC subdivisions. A Task × Region interaction confirmed more dACC activation during color‐word distractors rACC emotion‐word distractors. Activity in subdivisions differentially predicted behavioral...

Abstract The present study tested the hypothesis that anxious apprehension involves more left‐ than right‐hemisphere activity and arousal is associated with opposite pattern. Behavioral fMRI responses to threat stimuli in an emotional Stroop task were examined nonpatient groups reporting apprehension, arousal, or neither. Reaction times longer for negative neutral words. As predicted, brain activation distinguished a left inferior frontal region speech production temporal area. Addressing...

How does the human brain integrate information from multiple domains to guide spatial attention according motivational needs? To address this question, we measured hemodynamic responses central cues predicting locations of peripheral attentional targets (food or tool images) in a novel covert paradigm. The relevance food-related was experimentally manipulated via hunger and satiety. Amygdala, posterior cingulate, locus coeruleus, substantia nigra showed selective sensitivity when hungry but...

Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to examine the relationship between processing of pleasant and unpleasant stimuli activity in prefrontal cortex. Twenty volunteers identified colors which pleasant, neutral, words were printed. Pleasant prompted more bilaterally dorsolateral cortex (DLPFC) than did words. In addition, left right DLPFC. Response speed correlated with DLPFC activity. These data directly link positive affect, enhanced performance, activity, providing some first fMRI evidence...

Although numerous EEG studies have shown that depression is associated with abnormal functional asymmetries in frontal cortex, fMRI and PET largely failed to identify specific brain areas showing this effect. The present study tested the hypothesis emotion processes are related asymmetric patterns of activity, particularly within dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Eleven depressed 18 control participants identified color which pleasant, neutral, unpleasant words were printed. Both...

Although the amygdala is a major locus for hedonic processing, how it encodes valence information poorly understood. Given potency of odor stimuli and amygdala's anatomical proximity to peripheral olfactory system, we combined high-resolution fMRI with pattern-based multivariate techniques examine encoded in amygdala. Ten human subjects underwent scanning while smelling 9 odorants that systematically varied perceived valence. Representational similarity analyses showed codes entire dimension...

The COVID-19 global pandemic has left many feeling a sense of profound uncertainty about their world, safety, and livelihood. Sources espousing misinformation conspiracy theories frequently offer information that can help make this uncertainty. Individuals high in intolerance (IU) may be particularly impacted by the impoverished epistemic environment thus more drawn to conspiratorial thinking (CT). In present work, we show across 2 studies (

OPINION article Front. Hum. Neurosci., 01 April 2013Sec. Cognitive Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00102

Negatively valenced stimuli foster cognitive impairment in schizotypy and schizophrenia. To identify relevant brain mechanisms, the authors had 16 positive-schizotypy control participants perform an emotional Stroop task, judging ink color of negative neutral words during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) regional activity. Schizotypy individuals showed increased right decreased left activity dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, indicating a deficit maintenance attentional set presence...

The importance of top-down factors such as goals and expectations is well-established in both visual perception anxiety. However, researchers have attributed the perceptual prioritization threatening stimuli anxiety to bottom-up, automatic processing these while neglecting role prestimulus, factors. Furthermore, different kinds (dispositional versus induced) impact cognitive functions differently, suggesting that may distinct effects on threat perception. In present study, we examined...

Visual perception is heavily influenced by top-down factors, including goals, expectations, and prior knowledge about the environmental context. Recent research has demonstrated beneficial role threat-related cues play in perceptual decision making; however, psychological processes contributing to this differential effect remain unclear. Since visual imagery helps create representations or templates based on (e.g., cues), present study examines vividness of plays enhanced making following...

The ability to actively locate potential threats in our environment is highly adaptive. To investigate mediating neural mechanisms, we designed a visual search task which central cues signaled future location and emotional expression (angry or neutral) of target face. Cues predicting angry targets accelerated subsequent attention shifts, indicating that endogenous signals threatening events can prime the spatial network. Functional imaging showed spatially informative activated fusiform...

Distracting emotional information impairs attention more in schizophrenia (SCZ) than never-psychotic individuals. However, it is unclear whether this impairment and its neural circuitry indicative generally of psychosis, or specifically SCZ, even specific to certain SCZ symptoms (eg, deficit syndrome). It also if abnormality contributes impaired behavioral performance real-world functioning. Functional imaging data were recorded while individuals with bipolar disorder psychosis (BDP) no...

Research on the perceptual prioritization of threatening stimuli has focused primarily physical characteristics and evolutionary salience these stimuli. However, decision-making is strongly influenced by prestimulus factors such as goals, expectations, prior knowledge. Using both event-related potentials functional magnetic resonance imaging, we test hypothesis that threat-related information related increases in brain activity play a key role subsequent decision-making. After viewing...

Mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude has been widely shown to be diminished in schizophrenia and, more recently, other psychotic disorders. Although there is considerable evidence linking MMN reduction cognitive and functional deficits schizophrenia, little of associations with specific symptoms. Further, it unclear if reductions relate symptoms, cognitive, transdiagnostically across different The present study examines a large cohort cases diagnosed disorders including schizoaffective...

The last 25 years of research have revealed that recalling the past with others changes memory. A key finding is former group members show increased memory overlap or collective Beyond content, we ask whether collaborative recall organization How organize information has far-reaching consequences on learning and remembering, produced sophisticated theories measures when people alone. However, remains sparse how social influences shape organization. Furthermore, studies document local only...

The purpose of this study was to consider the effects valence, motoric direction (i.e., approach/withdrawal), and arousal on perception facial emotion in patients with unilateral cortical lesions. We also examined influence lesion side, site, size emotional perception. Subjects were 30 right-hemisphere-damaged (RHD) left-hemisphere-damaged (LHD) male focal lesions restricted primarily frontal, temporal, or parietal lobe. Patient groups comparable demographic clinical neurological variables....