Power line communications (PLC) have been an active research area for many years and it is still the case, mainly because they present economic technical natural advantages a wide range of applications using existing electrical grid as transmission medium. In this paper, authors provide update on PLC technologies their in Smart Grids, main challenges are currently facing, how can be addressed, current initiatives.

This work presents a novel measurement method to characterize long-term and short-term variations of the LV grid impedance from 20 kHz 10 MHz with configurable time, frequency amplitude resolutions. The characterization access in this range is vital for design development NB-PLC BB-PLC technologies. system valid in-home, indoor cable networks harsh conditions distribution grid, where large input dynamic strong protection mechanisms against high-amplitude impulsive noises are required. Its...

Electric Vehicle Charging Processes (EVCPs), due to the involved power electronics with high-switching frequencies, generate high-amplitude emissions that could have a negative impact on Power Quality (PQ) and Narrowband Line Communications (NB-PLC) systems. In this context, paper deals, first, frequency time characterization of disturbances generated by four EVCPs in 9-500 kHz range. The study is based measurements carried out controlled Low Voltage (LV) grid. For purpose, novel procedure...

Distributed Energy Resources might have a severe influence on Power Line Communications, as they can generate interfering signals and high frequency emissions or supraharmonics that may cause loss of metering control data. In this paper, the various energy resources Narrowband Communications is described analyzed through several test measurements performed in real microgrid. Accordingly, paper describes effects smart communications Medium Access Control (MAC) layer analysis. Results show...

In DVB-T2, the single frequency network (SFN) mode is an attractive planning alternative to well-known multiple (MFN) mode. SFN networks provide augmented spectrum efficiency as well a quality of service improvement due more homogeneous distribution received signal strength over coverage area. Nevertheless, some areas will also show degradation in practice. order improve performance operation, second generation broadcast system DVB-T2 standard incorporates input output (MISO) antenna...

Currently, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems have equipped the low voltage section with a communication system that is being used mainly for metering purposes, but it can be further employed additional applications related to Smart Grid (SG) concept. This paper explores potential beyond of available channel in Power Line Communication-based AMI system. To end, IP has been implemented over Narrow Band-Power Communication (NB-PLC) real microgrid, which includes an A thorough...

Narrow Band Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) systems are currently used for smart metering and power quality monitoring as a part of the Smart Grid (SG) concept. However, non-intentional emissions generated by devices connected to grid may sometimes disturb communications isolate equipment. Though some research works have been recently developed characterize these emissions, most them limited frequencies below 150 kHz they mainly focused on in-house electronic appliances lightning devices....

This paper aims at comparing the conducted emissions generated by Electric Vehicle Charging Processes (EVCPs) under isolated and on-line conditions in frequency time domains, covering 9-500 kHz range. The correspond to use of a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN), whereas measurements Low Voltage (LV) grid where EV is connected are referred as conditions. Regarding analysis, results lead conclude that different amplitude spectral features Non-Intentional Emissions (NIEs) measured...

The interaction of body worn antennas with the human causes a significant decrease in antenna efficiency and shift resonant frequency. A slot small conductive box placed on has been shown to reduce these effects. specific absorption rate (SAR) is less than international health standards for most wearable due transmitter power. This paper reports linear relationship between power absorbed by biological tissues at different locations body, radiation based numerical modeling (r = 0.99). While...

The paper describes the results of a measurement campaign to characterize non-intentional emissions (NIE) that are present in low voltage section electrical grid, within frequency range assigned narrowband power line communications (NB-PLC), from 20 kHz 500 kHz. These NIE may severely degrade quality and, some cases, even isolate transmission devices. For this reason, identification and characterization these perturbations important aspects for proper performance smart grid services based on...

Distributed Energy Resources might have a severe influence on Power Line Communications, as they can generate interfering signals and high frequency emissions or supraharmonics that may cause loss of metering control data. In this paper, the various energy resources Narrowband Communications is described analyzed through several test measurements performed in real microgrid. Accordingly, paper describes effects smart communications MAC layer analysis. Results show commutation inverters...

The access impedance of low-voltage (LV) power networks is a major factor related to the performance narrow-band line communications (NB-PLCs) and, in wider sense, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance. Up date, there still lack knowledge about frequency-dependent for frequencies above 9 kHz and up 500 kHz, which band where NB-PLC operates. affects transmission signal, it determines propagation non-intentional emissions that may disturb other electrical devices, including...

This paper presents the results of laboratory tests carried out to study performance DVB-T2 in presence multipath fixed reception with rooftop antenna. The typical cause this scenario is a Single Frequency Network (SFN) reception. A range relative levels and delays between main path one echo are tested obtain C/N requirements for each case. supports large number options that can be chosen optimize system. Some those (Pilot Patterns, Guard Interval Fraction, Rotated Constellations, FFT sizes)...

Impedance measurement methods and field measurements are being demanded by utilities regulatory standardization bodies, in order to characterize the electrical grid as a data transmission medium. The variation with time frequency of both access impedance load connected devices has great influence on performance Power Line Communications (PLC) for Smart Grid applications. This paper presents two different impedances range used NB-PLC. One method is based current injection Synchronous...

This paper studies two of the available heuristic algorithms to optimize digital broadcasting network's planning. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA) are compared working in different OFDM modes. These manipulate information network with static delays order maximize covered area as well possible at minimum cost. a modes synchronization strategies. Furthermore, they have been used estimate coverage interference degree planning placed Basque Country, northern Spain.

This work describes a representative set of measurements aiming at testing the transmission IP data in presence smart metering traffic over NB-PLC network. The were performed real microgrid including system based on PRIME v1.3.6 with up to thirteen nodes. Three types and several configurations TCP/IP packets evaluated. Additionally, two different sets considered: direct communication between master node service services Results confirm feasibility transmitting subnetworks, line previous...

This article analyzes the potential effects of sub–cycle impedance variations on NB–PLC according to PRIME v1.4 in a laboratory setup, where loads are connected at different locations. First, order characterize variations, some metrics defined and calculated. Then, attenuation difference degradation quality communications studied. Although results show that transmitted signal does not suffer high difference, is considerably affected if there variability between ON/OFF states within 20 ms...

Presented are the C/N requirements for DVB-T2 fixed reception. Results have been obtained from field trials carried out to test performance, considering an outdoor rooftop antenna scenario. Two commercial receivers used obtain threshold values image error-free condition. The tested configuration modes ones recommended this scenario: 32K FFT and 64 256 QAM constellations. DVB-T has also measured direct comparison between both systems.

The paper presents and evaluates three advanced methods for the characterization of low-voltage (LV) grid access impedance frequency range assigned to Narrow Band-Power Line Communications (NB-PLC): 9 kHz 500 kHz. This study responds recent demand from both regulatory bodies Distribution System Operators about need accurate validated this band, due limited knowledge values in electrical their influence on NB-PLC transmission channels. In paper, results a collaborative work develop different...

This paper presents a study developed to obtain several parameters of the small scale fading wideband propagation channel applied portable and mobile reception Digital Terrestrial Television (DTV) services in an urban Single Frequency Network (SFN) environment. The is focused on calculation some relevant parameter values related multipath behavior channel, using field data collected real network. Mean for Root mean square Delay Spread (RDS) frequency domain Level Crossing Rate (LCR) are...