Trunk diseases threaten the longevity and productivity of grapevines in all viticulture production systems. They are caused by distantly-related fungi that form chronic wood infections. Variation wood-decay abilities phytotoxic compounds thought to contribute their unique disease symptoms. We recently released draft sequences Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum parvum Togninia minima, causal agents dieback, Botryosphaeria dieback Esca, respectively. In this work, we first expanded genomic resources...

Cytospora species are destructive canker and dieback pathogens of woody hosts in natural agroecosystems around the world. In this genus, molecular identification has been limited due to paucity multi-locus sequence typing studies lack data from type specimens public repositories, stalling robust phylogenetic reconstructions. most cases a morphological concept could not be applied plasticity characters significant overlap features such as spore dimensions fruiting body characters. study, we...

In eastern North America, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, caused by viticola, is a foliar disease of grape but, in the Mediterranean climate western P. viticola primarily associated with wood cankers, along other Diaporthe spp. To determine identity wood-infecting 65 isolates were cultured from 190 wood-canker samples 23 vineyards history spot. Identification 29 representative was based initially on morphology, followed phylogenetic analyses DNA sequences ribosomal internal transcribed spacer...

Despite the high likelihood of infection and substantial yield losses from trunk diseases, many California practitioners wait to adopt field-tested, preventative practices (delayed pruning, double application pruning-wound protectants) until after disease symptoms appear in vineyard at around 10 years old. We evaluate net benefits adoption these before young Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards they become apparent mature identify economic hurdles early adoption. simulate winegrape production select...

Cultivars of European grapevine, Vitis vinifera, show varying levels susceptibility to Eutypa dieback and Esca, in terms foliar symptoms. However, little is known regarding cultivar their woody tissues canker formation. Accordingly, we evaluated the relative V. vinifera cultivars (‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Riesling’, ‘Petite Syrah’, ‘Thompson Seedless’) species or interspecific hybrids North American (Vitis hybrid ‘Concord’, arizonica ‘b42-26’,...

Diaporthe ampelina, causal agent of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is isolated frequently from wood cankers, causing dieback. The latter disease associated with four other species, three which also are reported hosts than grape. To better understand the role this community in dieback potential for infection routes among alternate hosts, 76 isolates were recovered cankers cultivated grape, pear, apricot, almond wild host willow California counties. Isolates...

The Botryosphaeriaceae is a fungal family that includes many destructive vascular pathogens of woody plants (e.g., Botryosphaeria dieback grape, Panicle blight pistachio). Species in the genera , Diplodia Dothiorella Lasiodiplodia Neofusicoccum and Neoscytalidium attack range horticultural crops, but they vary virulence their abilities to infect hosts via different infection courts (flowers, green shoots, twigs). Isolates seventeen species, originating from symptomatic apricot, pistachio,...

Background and Aims The objective of this study was to analyse the various fungal communities that colonise functional wood tissues old vines did not express symptoms grapevine trunk diseases (i.e. Esca Eutypa dieback) in year sampling. Plants cultivar Baco Blanc a hybrid Folle Blanche Noah used produce Armagnac France were sampled. Methods Results Forty-two 58-year-old vines, planted same vineyard, uprooted, cut longitudinally their Culture-dependent single-strand conformational...

Cytospora species are ubiquitous pathogens of numerous woody plants, causing dieback and wood cankers in agronomic crops, timber trees wildland (e.g. Prunus , Eucalyptus Salix respectively). chrysosperma C. cincta leucostoma have been reported from grapevines Iran showing symptoms one or more recognized trunk diseases (esca, botryosphaeria‐, eutypa‐ phomopsis diebacks); however, only C . was shown to be pathogenic grapevine. To understand the potential role grapevine trunk‐disease complex,...

Some pathogenic species of the Botryosphaeriaceae have a latent phase, colonizing woody tissues while perennial hosts show no apparent symptoms until conditions for disease development become favorable. Detection these pathogens is often limited to later phase. The phase poorly characterized, despite need non-destructive detection tools and effective quarantine strategies, which would benefit from identification host-based markers in leaves. Neofusicoccum parvum infects wood grapevines other...

Abstract Eutypa lata is a fungal pathogen of grapevine that causes widespread economic damage and threatens vineyard longevity worldwide. This study was initiated to further understanding how grapevines resist E. infections, using an integrated approach combining inoculation assays in the greenhouse with physiological biochemical measurements. Resistant ‘Zinfandel’ susceptible ‘Syrah’ were subjected control treatments assessed for gas exchange, water status, photosynthetic biochemistry,...

ABSTRACT Armillaria mellea infects hundreds of plant species in natural and managed ecosystems throughout the Northern hemisphere. Previously reported nuclear genetic divergence between eastern western U.S. isolates is consistent with disjunct range A. North America, which restricted mainly to both coasts United States. We investigated patterns population structure diversity (northern southern Appalachians, Ozarks, Great Lakes) (Berkeley, Los Angeles, St. Helena, San Jose, CA) regions In...

The Ascomycete fungus Phaeoacremonium minimum is one of the primary causal agents Esca, a widespread and damaging grapevine trunk disease. Variation in virulence among Pm. isolates has been reported, but underlying genetic basis phenotypic variability remains unknown. goal this study was to characterize intraspecific diversity explore its potential impact on functions associated with secondary metabolism, cellular transport, cell wall decomposition. We generated chromosome-scale genome...

Seimatosporium spp. and closely related "pestalotioid fungi" have been isolated from vineyards worldwide, but their ecological status in grapevine wood is unclear. To determine involvement the trunk-disease complex, we tested pathogenicity of Californian isolates obtained vines with general symptoms Botryosphaeria, Eutypa, Phomopsis diebacks. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses revealed three species: vitis two newly described typified species, S. luteosporum sp. nov. vitifusiforme Inoculations...

Grapevine trunk diseases cause serious economic losses to grape growers worldwide. The identification of the causal fungi is critical implementing appropriate management strategies. Through a culture-based approach, we identified fungal species composition associated with symptomatic grapevines from wine grapes in southeastern Washington and table southern San Joaquin Valley California, two regions contrasting winter climates. Species were confirmed through molecular identification,...

Eutypa dieback of grapevine is caused by lata in production areas with Mediterranean climates California, Australasia, Europe, and South Africa. has also been described the colder, eastern North American vineyards where cultivars adapted from native Vitis spp. (e.g., × labruscana 'Concord') are primarily grown. However, causal agents associated diseases this region have not conclusively identified. Examination 48 showing symptoms northeastern United States (Connecticut, Massachusetts,...

Grapevines, like other perennial crops, are affected by so-called 'trunk diseases', which damage the trunk and woody tissues. Mature grapevines typically contract more than one disease often multiple grapevine pathogens (GTPs) recovered from infected The co-existence of different GTP species in complex dynamic microbial communities complicates study molecular mechanisms underlying development, especially under vineyard conditions. objective this was to develop optimize a community-level...

Neofusicoccum parvum, causal fungus of the grapevine trunk disease Botryosphaeria dieback, attacks wood Vitis vinifera. Because lesions are internal, using putative host-based markers infection from leaves for diagnosis is a nondestructive option. However, their specificity under drought stress unknown. Potted 'Cabernet-Sauvignon' were inoculated with N. parvum in greenhouse after wounding (IW), and wounded nonwounded noninoculated controls. At 2 weeks postinoculation (WPI), half plants...

The fungus Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg (phoma stem canker), one of the most serious diseases oilseed rape. role pycnidiospores produced during asexual reproduction is poorly documented and limits understanding pathogen's population dynamics. objectives this study were to assess rain‐splash dispersal L. from phoma leaf spots, transmission disease rape stubble carrying pycnidia. work was conducted in still air with either a drop generator or rain simulator. impact simulated incident...

• Investigating the dispersal of root-pathogenic fungus Armillaria mellea is necessary to understand its population biology. Such an investigation complicated by both subterranean habit and persistence genotypes over successive host generations. As such, colonization resident mycelia thought outcompete spore infections. We evaluated contributions mycelium spores examining a site in which hosts pre-date A. mellea. Golden Gate Park (San Francisco, CA, USA) was established 1872 primarily on...

Rapid characterization of novel NB-LRR-associated resistance to Phomopsis cane spot on grapevine using high-throughput sampling and low-coverage sequencing for genotyping, locus mapping transcriptome analysis provides insights into genetic a hemibiotrophic fungus. leaf spot, caused by the fungus Diaporthe ampelina (syn = viticola), reduces productivity in grapevines. Host was studied three F1 families derived from crosses involving resistant genotypes 'Horizon', Illinois 547-1, Vitis cinerea...