Trunk diseases threaten the longevity and productivity of grapevines in all viticulture production systems. They are caused by distantly-related fungi that form chronic wood infections. Variation wood-decay abilities phytotoxic compounds thought to contribute their unique disease symptoms. We recently released draft sequences Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum parvum Togninia minima, causal agents dieback, Botryosphaeria dieback Esca, respectively. In this work, we first expanded genomic resources...

In eastern North America, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, caused by viticola, is a foliar disease of grape but, in the Mediterranean climate western P. viticola primarily associated with wood cankers, along other Diaporthe spp. To determine identity wood-infecting 65 isolates were cultured from 190 wood-canker samples 23 vineyards history spot. Identification 29 representative was based initially on morphology, followed phylogenetic analyses DNA sequences ribosomal internal transcribed spacer...

Despite the high likelihood of infection and substantial yield losses from trunk diseases, many California practitioners wait to adopt field-tested, preventative practices (delayed pruning, double application pruning-wound protectants) until after disease symptoms appear in vineyard at around 10 years old. We evaluate net benefits adoption these before young Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards they become apparent mature identify economic hurdles early adoption. simulate winegrape production select...

Cultivars of European grapevine, Vitis vinifera, show varying levels susceptibility to Eutypa dieback and Esca, in terms foliar symptoms. However, little is known regarding cultivar their woody tissues canker formation. Accordingly, we evaluated the relative V. vinifera cultivars (‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Riesling’, ‘Petite Syrah’, ‘Thompson Seedless’) species or interspecific hybrids North American (Vitis hybrid ‘Concord’, arizonica ‘b42-26’,...

Diaporthe ampelina, causal agent of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is isolated frequently from wood cankers, causing dieback. The latter disease associated with four other species, three which also are reported hosts than grape. To better understand the role this community in dieback potential for infection routes among alternate hosts, 76 isolates were recovered cankers cultivated grape, pear, apricot, almond wild host willow California counties. Isolates...

The Botryosphaeriaceae is a fungal family that includes many destructive vascular pathogens of woody plants (e.g., Botryosphaeria dieback grape, Panicle blight pistachio). Species in the genera , Diplodia Dothiorella Lasiodiplodia Neofusicoccum and Neoscytalidium attack range horticultural crops, but they vary virulence their abilities to infect hosts via different infection courts (flowers, green shoots, twigs). Isolates seventeen species, originating from symptomatic apricot, pistachio,...

Vineyard weed communities were examined under four dormant-season cover-crop systems representative of those used in the north-coastal grape-growing region California: no-till annuals (ANoT) (rose clover, soft brome, zorro fescue), perennials (PNoT) (blue wildrye, California meadow barley, red fescue, yarrow), tilled annual (AT) (triticale), and a no-cover-crop control (NoCT). Treatments carried out for 3 yr interrows wine grape vineyard. Glyphosate was to weeds directly beneath vines,...

Background and Aims The objective of this study was to analyse the various fungal communities that colonise functional wood tissues old vines did not express symptoms grapevine trunk diseases (i.e. Esca Eutypa dieback) in year sampling. Plants cultivar Baco Blanc a hybrid Folle Blanche Noah used produce Armagnac France were sampled. Methods Results Forty-two 58-year-old vines, planted same vineyard, uprooted, cut longitudinally their Culture-dependent single-strand conformational...

The ascomycete Neofusicoccum parvum, one of the causal agents Botryosphaeria dieback, is a destructive wood-infecting fungus and serious threat to grape production worldwide. capability colonize woody tissue, combined with secretion phytotoxic compounds, thought underlie its pathogenicity virulence. Here, we describe repertoire virulence factors their transcriptional dynamics as feeds on different substrates colonizes stem. We assembled annotated highly contiguous genome using...

Cytospora species are ubiquitous pathogens of numerous woody plants, causing dieback and wood cankers in agronomic crops, timber trees wildland (e.g. Prunus , Eucalyptus Salix respectively). chrysosperma C. cincta leucostoma have been reported from grapevines Iran showing symptoms one or more recognized trunk diseases (esca, botryosphaeria‐, eutypa‐ phomopsis diebacks); however, only C . was shown to be pathogenic grapevine. To understand the potential role grapevine trunk‐disease complex,...

Grapevine trunk diseases cause important economic losses in vineyards worldwide. Neofusicoccum parvum, one of the most aggressive causal agents disease Botryosphaeria dieback, colonizes cells and tissues grapevine wood, leading to formation an internal canker. Symptoms then extend distal shoots, with wilting leaves bud mortality. Our aim was characterize transcriptional dynamics genes woody stem during parvum colonization. Genome-wide profiling at seven distinct time points (0, 3, 24 hours;...

Some pathogenic species of the Botryosphaeriaceae have a latent phase, colonizing woody tissues while perennial hosts show no apparent symptoms until conditions for disease development become favorable. Detection these pathogens is often limited to later phase. The phase poorly characterized, despite need non-destructive detection tools and effective quarantine strategies, which would benefit from identification host-based markers in leaves. Neofusicoccum parvum infects wood grapevines other...

Management of the vineyard floor affects soil and crop productivity, as well runoff sediment that leave vineyard. In Monterey County, weed control is typically conducted in a 4-foot-wide area under vines, while cover crops are planted middles between vine rows. This 5-year multidisciplinary study low rainfall evaluated impact strategies (cultivation, pre-emergence post-emergence herbicides) rows, factorially arranged with three cover-crop treatments middles. We studied compaction, moisture...

Agaric fungi of the southern Appalachian Mountains including Great Smoky National Park are often heterozygous for rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) with >42% collections showing some heterozygosity indels and/or base-pair substitutions. For these collections, intra-individual haplotype divergence is typically less than 2%, but 3% exceeds that figure. We hypothesize high due to hybridization between agaric divergent haplotypes, possibly migrants from geographically isolated...

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by a broad range of taxonomically unrelated fungi that occur wherever grapes grown and the main biotic factor limiting vineyard productivity longevity (Bertsch et al., 2013). GTDs cause untenable economic losses to grapevine industry worldwide. For example, they considered 'national crisis' in France, where it has been estimated 12% vineyards currently economically nonviable due these maladies causing about €1 billion (Lorch, 2014). Because chronic...

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and wood‐rotting basidiomycete fungi, namely Fomitiporia spp., are known esca pathogens. However, the effect of their mixed infections sequence infection on disease development is unclear. To determine effects single co‐inoculations symptoms, potted Vitis vinifera ‘Crimson Seedless’ was inoculated with P. either alone or in combination one four basidiomycetes: Coprinellus radians , langloisii F . polymorpha novel species Tropicoporus texanus Basidiomycetes were...

Fungal trunk diseases are of major concern for tree fruit, nut, and grape growers throughout the world. These include Eutypa dieback grape, caused by lata, band canker almond, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum parvum, twig branch walnut, N. mediterraneum, Botryosphaeria Diplodia mutila, seriata, esca Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Phaeoacremonium minimum. Given common occurrence mixed infections, similar wood symptoms at macroscopic level, species-specific detection tools needed. Fatty acid methyl...

Abstract Eutypa lata is a fungal pathogen of grapevine that causes widespread economic damage and threatens vineyard longevity worldwide. This study was initiated to further understanding how grapevines resist E. infections, using an integrated approach combining inoculation assays in the greenhouse with physiological biochemical measurements. Resistant ‘Zinfandel’ susceptible ‘Syrah’ were subjected control treatments assessed for gas exchange, water status, photosynthetic biochemistry,...

Grapevine trunk diseases, such as Esca, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa are caused by various Ascomycota Basidiomycota fungi that colonize wood form internal lesions. fungi, Fomitiporia species, associated only with the disease wood-decay fungi. Variation in extent of lesion development among fungal pathogens reflects a combination virulence host susceptibility. To evaluate factors may affect development, we compared vitro abilities tolerance secondary metabolites (cell-wall soluble...

ABSTRACT Armillaria mellea infects hundreds of plant species in natural and managed ecosystems throughout the Northern hemisphere. Previously reported nuclear genetic divergence between eastern western U.S. isolates is consistent with disjunct range A. North America, which restricted mainly to both coasts United States. We investigated patterns population structure diversity (northern southern Appalachians, Ozarks, Great Lakes) (Berkeley, Los Angeles, St. Helena, San Jose, CA) regions In...

Black-foot disease of grapevine is caused by a complex soilborne fungi. The most common and virulent species, which are found across all major grapegrowing regions the world, <i>Cylindrocarpon liriodendri</i> (<i>C. liriodendri</i>) <i>C. macrodidymum</i> (teleomorph = <i>Neonectria</i>). Other species with more limited distribution uncertainty regarding their pathogenicity include destructans</i>, obtusisporum</i>, pauciseptatum</i>, <i>Campylocarpon fasciculare</i> fasciculare</i>),...