The nature of weaning, considered the most stressful and significant transition experienced by dairy calves, influences ability a calf to adapt dramatic dietary shift, thus, can influence severity production losses through weaning transition. However, effects various feeding strategies on development rumen or fecal microbiota across are yet be examined. Here we characterized pre- post-weaning ruminal microbiomes Holstein calves exposed two different strategies, gradual (step-down) abrupt. We...

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) negatively impacts the dairy industry by decreasing dry matter intake, milk production, profitability, and increasing culling rate death loss. Six ruminally-cannulated, lactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated incomplete Latin square design to determine effects of SARA induction on microbiome epithelium. Experimental periods 10 d with 1 - 3 for ad libitum intake control diet, followed 50% feed restriction 4, access 5 basal diet or an additional 10%...

Culture-independent high-throughput sequencing methodologies have recently provided comprehensive insights into microbial communities in the digestive tract of cattle.

The primary 16S rRNA sequencing protocol for microbial community analysis using Illumina platforms includes a single‐indexing approach that allows pooling of hundreds samples in each run. targets the V4 hypervariable region (HVR) 150 bp paired‐end (PE) sequencing. However, latest improvement chemistry has increased read length up to 600 300 PE To take advantage longer length, dual‐indexing was previously developed targeting different HVRs. due simple working protocols, single‐index still...

Ruminants microbial consortium is responsible for ruminal fermentation, a process which converts fibrous feeds unsuitable human consumption into desirable dairy and meat products, begins to establish soon after birth. However, it undergoes significant transition when digestion shifts from the lower intestine fermentation. We hypothesised that delaying high milk diet an exclusively solid food (weaning) would lessen severity of changes in gastrointestinal microbiome during this transition....

Abstract The gut microbiota is proposed as a “metabolic organ” involved in energy utilization and associated with obesity. Dietary intervention one of the approaches for obesity management. Changes dietary components have significant impacts on host metabolism microbiota. In present study, we examined influence fat modification mucosa‐associated profile along body weight metabolic parameter changes. Male C57BL/6J mice (6‐week old) were fed low diet (10% kcal fat) control or high (HFD 60% 7...

The interplay between host genotype and commensal microbiota at different body sites can have important implications for health disease. In dairy cows, polymorphism of bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) gene has been associated with susceptibility to several infectious diseases, most importantly mastitis. However, mechanisms underlying this association are yet poorly understood. the present study, we sought explore BoLA dynamics mammary during first week lactation. Colostrum milk...

Abstract As an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, live yeast supplementation has proven useful in reducing weaning stress and improving performance parameters of piglets. Here, we compared the hindgut microbiota weanling piglets subjected different pre- post-weaning regimens using a strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Actisaf Sc 47). Average feed intake average daily weight gain within Yeast-Control Yeast-Yeast groups were higher than those Control-Control group. Yeast resulted...

During the peripartal period, proper acclimatization of rumen microorganisms to variations in nutritional management can facilitate transition into lactation. This study characterized temporal shifts composition and functional properties ruminal microbiota during periparturient period dairy cows subjected a typical two-tiered feeding approach. Ruminal digesta samples from eight multiparous fistulated Holstein were collected on days -14, -7, 10, 20, 28 relative parturition. High-throughput...

Current diagnostic tests for Johne's disease (JD), a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), lack sensitivity to identify infected animals at early (asymptomatic) stages disease. The objective was determine pattern MAP-associated dysbiosis intestinal microbiota as potential biomarker detection cattle. To that end, genomic DNA extracted from ileal mucosa and fecal samples collected 28...

One mechanism through which S. cerevisiae may improve the performance of pigs is by altering composition gut microbiota, a response that be enhanced early postnatal supplementation probiotics. To test this hypothesis, newborn piglets (16 piglets/group) were treated with either yeast (5 x 109 cfu/pig: Low) or (2.5 1010 cfu/piglet: High) equivalent volume sterile water (Control) oral gavage every other day starting from 1 age until weaning (28±1 days age). Piglet body weight was recorded on 1,...

Abstract Background Within complex microbial ecosystems, microbe-microbe interrelationships play crucial roles in determining functional properties such as metabolic potential, stability and colonization resistance. In dairy cows, microbes inhabiting different ecological niches of the udder may have potential to interact with mastitis pathogens therefore modulate susceptibility intramammary infection. present study, we investigated co-occurrence patterns bacterial communities within between...

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) the causative agent of paratuberculosis, produces a chronic granulomatous inflammation gastrointestinal tract ruminants. It has been recently suggested that MAP infection may be associated with dysbiosis intestinal microbiota in Since diet is one key factors affecting balance microbial populations digestive tract, we intended to evaluate effect rabbit model fed regular or high fiber during challenge. The composition cecal content and...

Digital dermatitis (DD) presents as painful, ulcerative or proliferative lesions that lead to bovine lameness affecting economic efficiency and animal welfare. Although DD etiological agent(s) have not been established, it is widely accepted a polymicrobial disease significantly associated with species of Treponema the non-linear progression may be attributed interactions among infecting bacteria. We postulated morphological changes lesion grades are related Treponema. developed novel...

Abstract Background Fungi constitute an important yet frequently neglected component of the human microbiota with a possible role in health and disease. bacteria colonise infant gastrointestinal tract parallel, most microbiome studies have ignored fungi. Milk is source diverse viable bacteria, but few assessed diversity fungi milk. Results Here we profiled mycobiota milk from 271 mothers CHILD birth cohort detected 58 (21.4%). Samples containing detectable were dominated by Candida ,...

Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a skin disorder that significant cause of infectious lameness in cattle around the world. However, very little known about etiopathogenesis disease and microbiota associated with DD beef cattle. In this study, we provide comprehensive characterization healthy feedlot We also developed validated novel multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to quantify distribution DD-associated bacterial species across lesion stages. determined deep amplicon sequencing V3-V4...

The study investigated how dietary fiber influences fecal microbiota in grower–finisher pigs, particularly those genetically selected for feed efficiency based on estimated breeding value conversion ratio (EBV_FCR). Pigs were fed either a high-fiber (HF, 5.62% crude fiber, dry matter basis, DM) or low-fiber (2.46% DM basis) diet throughout three feeding phases (25–50, 50–75, and 75–100 kg) over 70 days. Fresh samples manually collected at various stages of pig growth analyzed using 16S rRNA...

The presence of the toxic amino acid mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala restricts its use as a protein source for ruminants. Rumen bacteria degrade to 3,4- and 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP), which remain toxic. Synergistes jonesii is believed be main bacterium responsible degradation these compounds but other may also involved. In this study, commercial inoculum provided by Queensland's Department Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry was screened isolation characterization mimosine, 2,3-DHP...

Abstract Frothy bloat is an often fatal digestive disorder of cattle grazing alfalfa pastures. The aim this study was to investigate ruminal and fecal microbiota dynamics associated with development alfalfa-induced frothy further explore how prevention strategies influence the composition these microbial communities. In a 3 × crossover experiment, twelve rumen-cannulated steers were sequentially subjected to: (1) pure pasture, (2) pasture supplemented pluronic detergent ALFASURE, (3) –...

This study evaluated the long-term effects of mesophilic (MAD) and thermophilic (TAD) anaerobic digestion on fate evolution antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in cattle manure following a metagenomic approach. The results indicated that MAD TAD lowered ARG levels fresh by over 50 % MGEs 65 %. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between processes terms their ability to reduce MGE. Co-occurrence analysis suggested facultative species...

Frothy bloat is major digestive disorder of cattle grazing alfalfa pastures. Among the many factors identified to contribute development frothy bloat, disruption rumen microbiota appears be central importance. Anaerobic fungi (ARF) play an important role in sequential breakdown and fermentation plant polysaccharides promote physical cell walls. In present study, we investigated dynamics ARF during alfalfa-induced response preventive treatments. By sequencing internal transcribed spacer...