A5002629392- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Noise Effects and Management
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Global Health Care Issues
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Plant responses to elevated CO2
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Petroleum Processing and Analysis
- Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
University of Toronto
2016-2025
Public Health Ontario
2016-2025
Hospital for Sick Children
2020-2025
Canada Research Chairs
2024
3M (United States)
2018-2024
SickKids Foundation
2020-2024
University of Manitoba
2018-2024
Emory University
2024
Environment and Climate Change Canada
2013-2022
Occupational Cancer Research Centre
2008-2021
Background — Fine particulate air pollution and ozone are associated with increased cardiovascular events. To help explain the mechanism behind these observations, we investigated effect of exposure on vascular function. Methods Results Twenty-five healthy adults underwent a randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing response to 2-hour inhalation ≈150 μg/m 3 concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP) plus (120 ppb) versus filtered air. High-resolution ultrasonography was used measure...
Abstract. A parameterization scheme for calculating gaseous dry deposition velocities in air-quality models is revised based on recent study results non-stomatal uptake of O3 and SO2 over 5 different vegetation types. Non-stomatal resistance, which includes in-canopy aerodynamic, soil cuticle resistances, parameterized as a function friction velocity, relative humidity, leaf area index, canopy wetness. resistance other chemical species scaled to those their physical characteristics. Stomatal...
Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5))]. This is first national-level study investigate these risks Canada.We investigated association between ambient PM(2.5) and cardiovascular nonimmigrant Canadian adults.We assigned estimates derived from satellite observations a 2.1 million adults who 1991 were among 20% population mandated provide detailed census data. We identified...
BackgroundFew studies examining the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality have considered multiple pollutants when assessing changes in due residential mobility during follow-up.ObjectiveWe investigated cause-specific concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) a national cohort about million Canadians.MethodsWe assigned estimates annual these postal codes subjects for each year 16 years follow-up....
Fine particulate matter air pollution plus ozone impairs vascular function and raises diastolic blood pressure. We aimed to determine the mechanism pollutant responsible. The effects of on heart rate variability, pressure, biomarkers, brachial flow-mediated dilatation were determined in 2 randomized, double-blind, crossover studies. In Ann Arbor, 50 subjects exposed fine particles (150 μg/m 3 ) (120 parts per billion) for hours occasions with pretreatments an endothelin antagonist (Bosentan,...
Emerging studies have implicated air pollution in the neurodegenerative processes. Less is known about influence of pollution, especially at relatively low levels, on developing dementia. We conducted a population-based cohort study Ontario, Canada, where concentrations pollutants are among lowest world, to assess whether exposure associated with incident The population comprised all Ontario residents who, 1 April 2001, were 55–85 years old, Canadian-born, and free physician-diagnosed...
Laboratory studies suggest that fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 µm in diameter; PM(2.5)) can activate pathophysiological responses may induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, epidemiological evidence relating PM2.5 diabetes is sparse, particularly for incident
Early-life exposure to household pets has the capacity reduce risk for overweight and allergic disease, especially following caesarean delivery. Since there is some evidence that also alter gut microbial composition of infants, changes microbiome are putative pathways by which pet can these risks health. To investigate impact pre- postnatal on infant microbiota various birth scenarios, this study employed a large subsample 746 infants from Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development...
Abstract Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is an important contributor to air pollution and can adversely affect human health 1–9 . A decrease in NO concentrations has been reported as a result of lockdown measures reduce the spread COVID-19 10–20 Questions remain, however, regarding relationship satellite-derived atmospheric column data with health-relevant ambient ground-level concentrations, representativeness limited ground-based monitoring for global assessment. Here we derive spatially...
Background— Laboratory studies suggest that exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm in diameter) (PM 2.5 ) can trigger a combination of pathophysiological responses may induce the development hypertension. However, epidemiological evidence relating PM and hypertension is sparse. We thus conducted population-based cohort study determine whether ambient associated with incident Methods Results— assembled 35 303 nonhypertensive adults from Ontario, Canada, who responded 1 4 health surveys...
The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort study recruited 3624 pregnant women, most partners and 3542 eligible offspring. We hypothesise that early life physical psychosocial environments, immunological, physiological, nutritional, hormonal metabolic influences interact with genetics influencing allergic diseases, including asthma. Environmental biological sampling, innate adaptive immune responses, gene expression, DNA methylation, gut microbiome nutrition...
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released new guidelines for outdoor fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ) recommending an annual average concentration of 5 μg/m 3 . Yet, our understanding the concentration-response relationship between PM and mortality in this range near-background concentrations remains incomplete. To address uncertainty, we conducted a population-based cohort study 7.1 million adults one world’s lowest exposure environments. Our findings reveal supralinear...
Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Changes in PTB rates, ranging from −90% to +30%, were reported many countries following early COVID-19 pandemic response measures (‘lockdowns’). It unclear whether this variation reflects real differences lockdown impacts, or perhaps stillbirth rates and/or study designs. Here we present interrupted time series and meta-analyses using harmonized data 52 million births 26 countries, 18 which had representative...
Abstract We obtained data on daily numbers of admissions to hospital in Toronto, Canada, from 1980 1994 for respiratory, cardiac, cerebral vascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. then linked the measures particulate mass less than 10 microns aerodynamic diameter (PM10), 2.5 (PM2.5), between (PM10–2.5), ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide. Air pollution was only associated weakly with hospitalization controlled temporal trends climatic factors, we found that increases...
The authors address two research questions: (1) Are populations with lower socioeconomic status, compared people of higher more likely to be exposed levels particulate air pollution in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada? (2) How sensitive is the association between and status specification exposure estimates or statistical models? Total suspended (TSP) data from twenty-three monitoring stations Hamilton (1985–94) were interpolated a universal kriging procedure develop an estimate values across city...
Exposure to air pollution has been shown cause arterial vasoconstriction and alter autonomic balance. Because these biologic responses may influence systemic hemodynamics, we investigated the effect of on blood pressure (BP). Responses during 2-hr exposures concentrated ambient fine particles (particulate matter < 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) plus ozone (CAP+O3) were compared with those particle-free (PFA) 23 normotensive, nonsmoking healthy adults. Mean concentrations PM2.5...
The association of daily cardiac and respiratory admissions to 168 acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, with levels particulate sulfates was examined over the 6-year period 1983-1988. Sulfate were recorded at nine monitoring stations regions southern central Ontario spanned by three networks. A 13-micrograms/m3 increase on day prior admission (the 95th percentile) associated a 3.7% (p < 0.0001) 2.8% admissions. Increases observed for all age groups examined. Admissions diseases increased...
Although some consensus has emerged among the scientific and regulatory communities that urban ambient atmospheric mix of combustion related pollutants is a determinant population health, relative toxicity chemical physical components this complex mixture remains unclear. Daily mortality rates concurrent data on sizefractionated particulate mass gaseous were obtained in eight Canada's largest cities from 1986 to 1996 inclusive order examine air which Canadians are exposed. Positive...