A5086319041- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Noise Effects and Management
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Urban Green Space and Health
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Global Health Care Issues
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Traffic and Road Safety
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
- Resilience and Mental Health
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Geographic Information Systems Studies
- Cancer Risks and Factors
Health Effects Institute
2018-2024
University of New Brunswick
2013-2022
Boston University
2021-2022
University of Ontario Institute of Technology
2020
Dalhousie University
2020
Environmental Protection Agency
2018
Vehicle Technologies Office
2018
Carleton University
2016
Health Canada
2010-2016
McGill University Health Centre
2016
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM2.5 sources (outdoor and indoor air pollution use solid fuels secondhand active smoking), requiring assumptions about equivalent exposure toxicity. We relax these contentious by constructing PM2.5-mortality function only cohort studies outdoor covers the range....
Rationale: Tropospheric ozone (O3) is potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk and premature death. Results from long-term epidemiological studies on O3 are scarce inconclusive.Objectives: In this study, we examined associations between chronic ambient exposure all-cause cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of U.S. adults.Methods: Cancer Prevention Study II participants were enrolled 1982. A total 669,046 analyzed, among whom 237,201 deaths occurred through 2004. We...
Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(2.5))]. This is first national-level study investigate these risks Canada.We investigated association between ambient PM(2.5) and cardiovascular nonimmigrant Canadian adults.We assigned estimates derived from satellite observations a 2.1 million adults who 1991 were among 20% population mandated provide detailed census data. We identified...
BackgroundFew studies examining the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality have considered multiple pollutants when assessing changes in due residential mobility during follow-up.ObjectiveWe investigated cause-specific concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) a national cohort about million Canadians.MethodsWe assigned estimates annual these postal codes subjects for each year 16 years follow-up....
Findings from published studies suggest that exposure to and interactions with green spaces are associated improved psychological wellbeing have cognitive, physiological, social benefits, but few examined their potential effect on the risk of mortality. We therefore undertook a national study in Canada examine associations between urban greenness cause-specific mortality.We used data large cohort (the 2001 Canadian Census Health Environment Cohort [2001 CanCHEC]), which consisted...
Understanding the shape of relationship between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and health risks is critical for impact risk assessment. Studies evaluating low PM2.5 are limited. Further, many existing studies lack individual-level information on potentially important behavioural confounding factors.A prospective cohort study was conducted among a subset participants in that linked respondents Canadian Community Health Survey mortality (n =...
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released new guidelines for outdoor fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5 ) recommending an annual average concentration of 5 μg/m 3 . Yet, our understanding the concentration-response relationship between PM and mortality in this range near-background concentrations remains incomplete. To address uncertainty, we conducted a population-based cohort study 7.1 million adults one world’s lowest exposure environments. Our findings reveal supralinear...
The objective of this paper is to model determinants intraurban variation in ambient concentrations nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Toronto, Canada, with a land use regression (LUR) model. Although researchers have conducted similar studies Europe, work represents the first attempt North American setting characterize traffic pollution through LUR method. NO2 samples were collected over 2 wk using duplicate two-sided Ogawa passive diffusion samplers at 95 locations across Toronto. Independent...
Only about 30% of cases breast cancer can be explained by accepted risk factors. Occupational studies have shown associations between the incidence and exposure to contaminants that are found in ambient air.We sought determine whether postmenopausal is associated with urban air pollution.We used data from a case-control study conducted Montreal, Quebec, 1996-1997. Cases were 383 women incident invasive cancer, controls 416 other incident, malignant cancers, excluding those potentially...
Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure to air pollution can promote the development of diabetes. However, whether this relationship actually translates into an increased risk mortality attributable diabetes is uncertain.We evaluated association between long-term ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and diabetes-related in a prospective cohort analysis 2.1 million adults from 1991 Canadian census follow-up study. Mortality information, including ∼5,200 deaths coded as being...
Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse birth outcomes, but the potential modifying effect of maternal comorbidities remains understudied. Our objective was investigate whether associations between prenatal exposures and outcomes differ by comorbidities.A total 818,400 singleton live births were identified in province Ontario, Canada from 2005 2012. We assigned fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ozone (O3) residences during pregnancy....
BackgroundNumerous studies have examined associations between air pollution and pregnancy outcomes, but most been restricted to urban populations living near monitors.ObjectivesWe the association outcomes fine particulate matter in a large national study including rural areas.MethodsAnalyses were based on approximately 3 million singleton live births Canada 1999 2008. Exposures PM2.5 (particles of median aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) assigned by mapping mother's postal code monthly surface...
The effectiveness of regulatory actions designed to improve air quality is often assessed by predicting changes in public health resulting from their implementation. Risk premature mortality long-term exposure ambient pollution the single most important contributor such assessments and estimated observational studies generally assuming a log-linear, no-threshold association between concentrations death. There has been only limited assessment this assumption part because lack methods estimate...
Studies suggest that long-term chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution can increase lung cancer mortality. We analyzed the association between long term PM2.5 and ozone mortality due cancer, ischemic heart disease, obstructive pulmonary accounting for geographic location, socioeconomic status, residential mobility. Subjects in 1991 Canadian Census Health Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) were followed 20years, assigned regions across Canada based on spatial synoptic...
Numerous studies have examined the association of air pollution with preterm birth and weight outcomes. Traffic-related has also increasingly been identified as an important contributor to adverse health effects pollution. We employed a national nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure model examine between NO2 pregnancy outcomes in Canada 1999 2008. National models for (and particulate matter median aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) covariate) were developed using ground-based monitoring data,...
Background:Remote sensing (RS) is increasingly used for exposure assessment in epidemiological and burden of disease studies, including those investigating whether chronic to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with mortality.Objectives:We compared relative risk estimates mortality from diseases the circulatory system PM2.5 modeled RS that using ground-level information.Methods:We geocoded baseline residence 668,629 American Cancer Society Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort...
Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is known to contribute cardiorespiratory mortality but it not clear how PM2.5 oxidative burden (i.e. the ability of cause stress) may influence long-term risk.We examined relationship between and cause-specific in Ontario, Canada. Integrated samples were collected from 30 provincial monitoring sites 2012 2013. The potential (% depletion/µg) regional was measured as filter extracts deplete antioxidants (glutathione ascorbate) a synthetic respiratory...
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with increased risks of mortality. To a lesser extent, series suggest living in greener areas reduced Only handful examined the interplay between PM2.5, greenness, and We investigated role residential greenness modifying associations long-term exposures PM2.5 non-accidental cardiovascular mortality national cohort non-immigrant Canadian adults (i.e., 2001 Census Health...
There is a paucity of information on environmental risk factors for prostate cancer. We conducted case-control study in Montreal to estimate associations with exposure ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2), marker traffic-related air pollution.Cases were 803 men incident cancer, ≤75 years age, and diagnosed across all French hospitals Montreal. Concurrently, 969 controls drawn from electoral lists French-speaking individuals residing the same districts as cases frequency-matched by age....
There are increasing concerns regarding the role of exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy in development early childhood cancers.This population based study examined whether prenatal and life (<1year age) exposures pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2) particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), were associated selected common cancers Canada.2,350,898 singleton live births occurring between 1988 2012 identified province Ontario, Canada. We assigned...
Abstract Background Approximately 2.9 million deaths are attributed to ambient fine particle air pollution around the world each year (PM 2.5 ). In general, cohort studies of mortality and outdoor PM concentrations have limited information on individuals exposed low levels as well covariates such smoking behaviours, alcohol consumption, diet which may confound relationships with mortality. This study provides an updated extended analysis Canadian Community Health Survey-Mortality cohort: a...