A5069083045- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Insect Utilization and Effects
- Insect Pheromone Research and Control
- Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Howard University
1980-2022
Harvard University
2001
University of Washington
1989
Johns Hopkins University
1980-1988
Pratt Institute
1980-1985
Skidmore College
1979
City College of New York
1973
University of Maryland, College Park
1970
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
1964-1970
Dark-active North American fireflies emit green bioluminescence and dusk-active species yellow, in general. Yellow light yellow visual spectral sensitivity may be adaptations to increase the signal-to-noise (that is, foliage-reflected ambient light) ratio for sexual signaling during twilight. The peaks of electroretinogram sensitivities four tested, two dark- dusk-active, correspond with peak their bioluminescent emissions.
We describe the effects of a recessive mutation on visual behavior, electroretinogram (ERG), and photoreceptor structure in zebrafish. At 6 d post-fertilization (dpf), no optokinetic reflex could be elicited response c (nrc) mutant animals under any test condition. The exhibited ERG responses at 5-7 dpf that were markedly abnormal categorized into two groups. first showed an initial negative a-wave followed by delayed positive b-wave small amplitude. Often second ERG-like was recorded after...
Electrical responses (ERG) to light flashes of various wavelengths and energies were obtained from the dorsal median ocellus lateral compound eye Limulus under dark chromatic adaptation. Spectral mechanisms studied by analyzing (a) response waveforms, e.g. area, rise, fall times as functions amplitude, (b) slopes amplitude-energy functions, (c) spectral sensitivity criterion amplitude method. The data for a single mechanism in are waveforms independent wavelength, same slope response-energy...
Abstract— A model is developed for the optimization of signal‐to‐noise ratio detection bioluminescence by fireflies during twilight. The relative degree derived in terms a dimensionless ratio, biologically effective adaptation. numerical values this adaptation can be used to predict sequence adaptations both visual spectral sensitivities and emissions that result range colors fireflics from green through yellow. It shown narrowing sensitivity via screening pigment pathway order discriminate...
Abstract— The shapes, the peak wavelengths and close matching of bioluminescence colors to visual spectral sensitivities in North American firefly species are consistent with predictions a optimization model for selection evolution (Seliger et al ., 1982). A screening pigment found by microspectrophotometry rhabomeres Photinus pyralis has absorbancc characteristics predicted model. biologically effective adaptation, dimensionless ratio proportional relative advantage detect during twilight....
ABSTRACT Phototactic behaviour in Limulus mediated by lateral eye and dorsal ocellus was studied under full-spectrum restricted-spectrum (near-u.v. visible light) sunlight on a beach. All eyes (lateral eyes, ocelli) were occluded excepting one, which the response. It found that either or alone could mediate positive phototaxis adult sunlight. When stimulating filtered into restricted wavelengths, near-u.v., but not light, elicited phototaxis.
The spectral sensitivities (S(λ)) of dark-adapted compound eyes the purple land crab Gecarcinus lateralis possess a broad maximum in blue-green, 420-530 nm, when measured by electroretinographic (ERG) techniques. Selective adaptation experiments showed large changes sensitivity but did not isolate different receptor types. A photopigment with maximal absorption at 487 nm was identified rhabdoms microspectrophotometry. Besides presence dominant green system, existence hump short wavelength...
Get PDF Email Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Mendeley BibSonomy Citation Copy Text Abner B. Lall and Robert M. Chapman, "Spectral Sensitivity Comparison of Lateral Eye Ocellus Horseshoe Crab*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 1167-1168 (1964) Export BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain alert Save article
Bioluminescence in fireflies is essential for sexual communication, and each species has evolved a specific bioluminescence emission capable of being detected by its visual system. This spectral "tuning" between sensitivity bioluminescent been established 14 North American inhabiting diverse photoecological niches. Here we extend that research to three Brazilian species. Macrolampis omissa inhabits the Cerrado (savannas), while Photinus sp1 Pyrogaster moestus are often sympatric borders...
The technical support for this project was provided by undergraduate research students: Sarah Weatherall, Kathryn Peper, and Keith Hunter. Supported NSF grants #BNS 83-11127, BNS 83-11157, 85-18769, NIH 5 R01 EY 00520.
Abstract Changes in visual sensitivity as a function of time‐of‐day were studied the firefly Photuris versicolor . The electroretinograms (ERGs) elicited by photic stimuli constant intensity and duration recorded over long periods (18–52 h) while insect was darkness. amplitudes ERGs standard flash small remained during daytime hours increased on average sixfold evening hours, reaching maximum at onset darkness remaining that high level until morning hours. amplitude response again reduced to...