In the near future, ability to solve combinatorial optimization problems will be a key technique enable IoT era. A new computing architecture called Ising and implemented using CMOS circuits is proposed. This maps an model, model express behavior of magnetic spins, solves efficiently exploiting its intrinsic convergence properties. computing, "CMOS annealing" used find better solution for problems. 20k-spin prototype chip fabricated in 65 nm process. The achieves 100 MHz operation capability...

In the near future, performance growth of Neumann-architecture computers will slow down due to end semiconductor scaling. Presently a new computing paradigm, so-called natural computing, which maps problems physical models and solves problem by its own convergence property, is expected. The analog computer using superconductivity from D-Wave [1] one those computers. A neuron chip [2] also them. We proposed CMOS-type Ising [3]. an model, model express behavior magnetic spins (the upper left...

Extensive studies have highlighted a need for frequently consistent land cover information interdisciplinary studies. This paper proposes comprehensive framework the automatic production of first Vietnam-wide annual use/land (LULC) data sets (VLUCDs) from 1990 to 2020, using available remotely sensed and inventory data. Classification accuracies ranged 85.7 ± 1.3 92.0 1.2% with primary dominant LULC 77.6 84.7 1.1% secondary LULC. confirmed potential proposed systematically long-term...

The last decade has seen impressive progress in the development of a new computer architecture, commonly known as annealing processor [1, 2]. An provides fast means for finding ground state an Ising model; thus, it can efficiently solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems [3]. In addition to quantum annealers based on superconducting circuits [1], processors CMOS technology have received increased interest and are being developed basis simulated (SA) [2]. However, these (CMOS-APs)...

Substantial progress has been made on a new computer architecture, known as an annealing processor (AP) [1-4]. The AP can effectively solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems by providing fast method for finding the grand state of Ising model. In particular, various types APs based CMOS process (CMOS-AP) significantly improve scalability and power efficiency system utilizing parallel spin updates basis simulated (SA) [2-4]. Further development CMOS-APs requires overcoming two...

Forest biomass is a crucial component of the global carbon budget in climate change studies. Therefore, it essential to develop credible way estimate forest as stock. Our study used PALSAR-2 (ALOS-2) and Sentinel-2 images drive Random regression model, which we trained with airborne lidar data. We model aboveground (AGB) two significant coniferous trees, Japanese cedar cypress, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. 48 variables derived from remote sensing datasets predict AGB under algorithm, found...

Global forests face severe challenges owing to climate change, making dynamic and accurate monitoring of forest conditions critically important. Forests in Japan, covering approximately 70% the country's land area, play a vital role yet often overlooked global forestry. Japanese are unique, with 50% comprising artificial forests, predominantly coniferous forests. Despite government's extensive use airborne Light Detecting Ranging (LiDAR) assess conditions, these data need more availability...

Global forests face severe challenges owing to climate change, making dynamic and accurate monitoring of forest conditions critically important. Forests in Japan, covering approximately 70% the country's land area, play a vital role yet often overlooked global forestry. Japanese are unique, with 50% comprising artificial forests, predominantly coniferous forests. Despite government's extensive use airborne Light Detecting Ranging (LiDAR) assess conditions, these data need more availability...

Polarimetric characteristics of early-stage deforestation areas were examined with L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to develop a forest early warning system. Time series PALSAR-2/ScanSAR data and Landsat used examine the differences in detection timing most active sites Peru Brazil. The γ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> HH value increased by 0.8 dB on average for undergoing early-stages deforestation, which felled...

The world's first 2 x 30k-spin multi-chip CMOS annealing processor (AP)-based on the processing-in-memory approach for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problem-was developed. To expand bit width of coefficients and enhance scalability AP, it has three key features: an expandable high-accuracy spin operator local communication, a highly integrated circuit using direct access to SRAM, low-latency inter-chip interface that does not affect runtime or results process. AP is...

In this study, an automatic change detection method for near real-time (NRT) forest monitoring in tropical regions is described. L-band ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 ScanSAR HH, HV, and HH/HV ratio were used to detect various deforestation stages based on their different radar scattering characteristics. The three main considered approach as follows: (1) was cut, felled trees left the ground, (2) burned, (3) (and burned) removed. Two types of fires occurred rain forests dry open considered. Multi-temporal...

The non-von Neumann computer architecture has been widely studied to prepare us for the post-Moore era. authors implemented this kind of architecture, which finds lower energy state Ising model using circuit operations inspired by simulated annealing in SRAM-based integrated circuits. Our previous prototype was suited because its simple and typical structure such as three-dimensional lattice topology, but it could not be used real world applications. A reconfigurable prototyping environment...

In the near future, one of main processes is solving large combinatorial optimization problems. However, performance growth von Neumann architecture will slow due to end semiconductor scaling. To resolve this problem, we propose an Ising computer that maps problems ground state search models. We previously proposed a finds models by simulated annealing (SA) approximately. Though solution quality previous prototype comparable SA, enhancing be required solve real-world applications. paper,...

Global carbon cycle research and climate change mitigation measures require a means for large-scale monitoring of forest aboveground biomass (AGB). L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one promising means, although its signal saturated at 75–150 Mg ha <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> AGB, making it difficult to monitor high forest. The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2/Phased Array SAR-2 (PALSAR-2) conducts ScanSAR...

Improvements to the performance of conventional computers have mainly been achieved through semiconductor scaling; however, scaling is reaching its limitations. Natural phenomena, such as quantum superposition and stochastic resonance, introduced into new computing paradigms improve beyond these Here, we explain that uncertain behaviours devices due can computers. We prototyped an integrated circuit by performing a ground-state search Ising model. The bit errors memory cell holding current...

The non-von Neumann computer architecture has been widely studied towards preparing for the post-Moore era. authors implemented architecture, which finds lower energy state of Ising model using circuit operations inspired by simulated annealing, in SRAM-based integrated circuits. Our previous prototype was suited because its simple and typical structure such as three-dimensional lattice topology, but it could not be applied to real world applications. A reconfigurable prototyping environment...

Combinatorial optimization problems with a large solution space are difficult to solve just using von Neumann computers. Ising machines or annealing have been developed tackle these as promising Non-von computer. In order use machines, every combinatorial problem is mapped onto the physical model, which consists of spins, interactions between them, and their external magnetic fields. Then operate so search ground state corresponds optimal original problem. A can be firstly described by an...

Floorplanning of modules has been a significant role in VLSI design automation and it can be formulated as the "Rectangle Packing Problem." Ising model-based computers (or annealing machines) are type non-von Neumann computer recently expected to solve combinatorial optimization problems efficiently. In this paper, we propose mapping Problem" for solving by machines. our proposed mapping, sequence-pair is represented on an model. Our approach maps with N rectangles onto 3N <sup...

We propose a static random access memory based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor LSI chip that accelerates ground-state searches of an Ising model. Escaping local minima is key feature in creating such chip. describe method for escaping the by asynchronously distributing pulses. The pulses are input from outside and propagated through two asynchronous paths. In experiment using prototype our chip, achieved same solution accuracy as conventional method. further improved dividing pulse...

In the near future, techniques to solve combinatorial optimization problems will become important in various fields and require large computing power. However, performance growth of von Neumann architecture slow down due end semiconductor scaling. To resolve this problem, a is proposed that maps ground state search Ising models. The authors implemented architecture, which finds by circuit operations inspired SA, CMOS circuits. adopts modified algorithm using majority function simplify Though...

Domain-specific architectures are being studied to improve computer performance beyond the end of Moore's Law. Here, we propose a new computing architecture, CMOS annealing machine, which provides fast means solving combinatorial optimization problems. Our architecture is based on in-memory through utilizing locality interactions in Ising model. The prototype presented 2019 has two processors business-card-sized board and solves problems 55 times faster than conventional computers.