Bryophytes are thought to be unique among land plants in lacking the important evolutionary process of allopolyploidy, which involves interspecific hybridization and chromosome doubling. Electrophoretic data show, however, that polyploid moss Plagiomnium medium is an allopolyploid derivative ellipticum insigne, P. has originated more than once from these progenitors, cross-fertilization results interlocus genetic recombination. Evidence restriction fragment length polymorphisms chloroplast...

Evidence is presented from electrophoretic analyses of segregation patterns within single families 24 diploid- species Clarkia (Onagraceae) that the structural genes specifying both plastid and cytosolic isozymes 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) are duplicated throughout genus. However, several closely related species, assigned to a taxonom- ically advanced section, lack one or duplications, loss apparently resulting mutation(s) chromosomal deletion. The duplications clarifies...

Horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis was used to measure variability at 14 enzyme loci from 13 natural populations of the dioecious moss Plagiomnium ciliare. Overall levels genetic polymorphism were unexpectedly high for a haploid organism. Using 1% frequency criterion, 71% surveyed polymorphic species as whole. The number alleles per locus whole 2.82 ± 0.34 (mean standard error), and mean gene diversity 0.078 0.035. While total (HT = 0.178) similar that observed highly outcrossed diploid...

Electrophoretic data from 44 natural populations show that Plagiomnium medium is an allopolyploid, whose genome can be reconstructed by merely combining present-day variation of its extant haploid progenitors, P. ellipticum and insigne. Because the progenitor species are well- differentiated genetically, shows fixed heterozygosity in about 1/3 23 loci assayed. High levels polymorphism provide opportunity to detect multiple origins medium, which evidence must have originated at least four...

Six populations of the clonal forest floor moss Plagiomnium affine from forests different age were screened for genetic variation at 23 allozyme loci, which nine polymorphic. Samples consisting two adjacent unconnected shoots taken regular intervals along one transect each population. A total 602 was analysed. Almost 80% sterile (i.e. not expressing male or female gender). Sex remained unknown only 10% after identification genets based on electrophoretic data. We identified a mean number 3.7...

PCR-RFLP technique has been used to detect species-specific mutations of organelles DNA for closely related dwarf mountain pine (<em>Pinus mugo</em>) and Scots (<em>P. sylvestris</em>). Restriction fragment patterns have compared amplification products <em>trn</em>L-<em>trn</em>F cpDNA <em>cox</em>I <em>orf</em>25 genes mtDNA. The difference found in the Dral Hinfl restriction region with two haplotypes detected....

Many species of liverworts (<i>Hepaticae</i>) are morphologically plastic to such an extent that their proper recognition may cause difficulties even for a specialist. Central European the genus <i>Pellia</i> notorious in this respect. Searching less malleable diagnostic characters (than morphological and/or anatomical ones) we showed recently electrophoretic phenotypes (obtained by means separation enzyme proteins on starch gels) can be used reliable identification...

Genetic markers from horizontal starch gel electrophoresis show clearly that boreal-arctic C. stygium, a bisexual polyploid with n = 14, is closely related to arcticum and latifolium, unisexual haploids 7. One locus of stygium shows fixed heterozygosity, suggesting an allopolyploid origin these two as progenitors. Two other loci, which are heterozygous in >90% all plants screened, also support this view. It possible, however, autopolyploid, most likely arcticum, meiosis has become...

Genetic markers from horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis showed that plants of Mnium orientale n. sp. Japan, currently referred to M. hornum, are genetically distinct hornum Hedw. Europe and North America. Plants Japan expressed unique alleles at approximately half the loci surveyed. In contrast, samples Poland eastern United States were highly similar, differing only a single locus. variation was low in all populations, with expected heterozygosities reaching 5.5% most polymorphic...

Abstract Earlier isozyme studies have proved that the moss Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum is an allopolyploid species whose progenitors are haploid R. magnifolium and gracile. A sequence comparison of chloroplast tRNA Leu (UAA) Gly (UCC) gene introns, as well mitochondrial fragments nad5 nad4 introns exons in all three reveals nucleotide sequences studied almost identical but differ gracile . Both chloroplasts mitochondria were therefore probably inherited from one parent: To our knowledge, this...

AbstractThe few studies that have investigated levels of genetic variation in liverworts found very little polymorphism. Our electrophoretic data show, however, the leafy liverwort Porella platyphylla maintains high at least some natural populations from southeastern United States. Within a single population southwestern North Carolina, we detected 26 distinct multilocus genotypes and more than 80% enzyme loci surveyed were polymorphic. It seems likely earlier mostly thalloid species...

The 5' flanking and coding regions of the psbA gene were sequenced to clarify relationships among several taxa discovered recently in thalloid liverwort Conocephalum conicum. Twenty six samples included this study represent five “cryptic species” detected worldwide collection, groups from Japan finally three “chemo-types” with different dominant volatile component. Pairwise differences nucleotide sequences region between conicum varied greatly depending on combination, ranging 0.001 0.018...

By most accounts, Plagiomnium cuspidatum is a typical bisexual, diploid species with n = 12 throughout its wide range. Beginning Lowry's (1948) chromosome count of 6 for collection from northern Florida, however, there have been sporadic reports haploid or unisexual plants this species. Unfortunately, none these cases has examined closely enough sexuality, ploidy level, and possible morphological other differences to be firmly established. Our studies natural populations Florida Georgia...

The taxonomy of Cinclidium, with only four species recognized, has been remarkably stable compared to most other genera in the Mniaceae. Two bisexual diploids (C. stygium and C. subrotundum) n = 14 two unisexual haploids arcticum latifolium) 7 have accepted since 1877, when latifolium was last these be described. In course our inquiries into nature polyploidy genus, we discovered a new, genetically distinct that previously mistakenly referred which originally assumed subrotundum. Cinclidium...