The Stockholm Public Health Cohort was set up within the County Council public health surveys to inform on determinants and consequences of significant contributors current burden disease. Participants are 89 268 randomly selected individuals from adult population County. Baseline took place in 2002, 2006 2010 via self-administered questionnaires. So far, participants recruited 2002 were re-surveyed twice, 2007 2010, those enrolled once, 2010. Self-reported data regularly supplemented by...

In many low and middle income countries, the private sector is increasingly becoming an important source of health care, filling gaps where no or little public care available. However, knowledge on providers limited The objective this study was to determine type number different types providers, quality, cost utilization delivered by those in rural Uganda.The carried out three districts. Methods included (1) mapping providers; (2) a household survey morbidity utilization; (3) facility assess...

Long waiting times for health care is an important policy issue in many countries, and have introduced some form of national time guarantees. International comparison are critical countries to improve patients be able make informed choices, especially Europe, where the right seek other if there undue delay. The objective this study was describe how measure assess whether can compared internationally. Twenty-three OECD were included. Information collected through scientific articles, official...

Inappropriate antibiotic use for treatment of common self-limiting infections is a major problem worldwide. We conducted this study to determine prevalence non-prescription sale antimicrobial drugs by pharmacies in Bangalore, India, and assess their associated avoidable cost within the Indian private healthcare sector.Between 2013 2014, two researchers visited 261 with simulated clinical scenarios; upper respiratory tract infection an adult acute gastroenteritis child. Using pre-defined...

Abstract Introduction Menstrual hygiene management can be challenging in low-income settings and among school-aged girls due to traditional beliefs, lack of knowledge information on best hygienic practices, limited access appropriate affordable menstrual products. An alternative method for management, instead sanitary pads or tampons, is the vaginal cup. As evidence use cups relatively limited, this study aimed explore acceptability feasibility using Thokarpa, Sindupalchowk, Nepal. Methods...

Objective To ascertain whether diarrhoea management improved during 1986-2003, a period when significant efforts were made to promote effective case in children.Methods We analysed household data from 107 Demographic and Health Surveys 40 low-and middle-income countries 1986 2003 assessed trends indicators of rehydration, fluid quantity food intake children with diarrhoea.A statistical analysis was the overall trend for each indicator.Findings Modest progress regard use oral rehydration...

Around 3% of the world's population (n = 214 million people) has crossed international borders for various reasons. Since March 2011, Syria been going through state political crisis and instability resulting in an exodus Syrians to neighbouring countries. More than 1 Syrian refugees are residents Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Egypt North Africa. The community must step up efforts support their host governments.

Diarrheal diseases due to infection constitute a major burden of disease. Dehydration resulting from diarrhea can be fatal. It is the cause approximately 1.8 million deaths every year. The vast majority these are children under five years age living in low- and middle- income countries. Interventions prevent include provision safe water, hand washing, use sanitation facilities, exclusive breastfeeding infants rotavirus vaccination. Diagnosis guided by symptoms into one three categories:...

Background Lifestyle interventions focusing on diet and physical activity for the prevention management of type 2 diabetes have been found effective. Acceptance intervention is crucial. The Theoretical Framework Acceptability (TFA) developed by Sekhon et al. (2017) describes multiple facets acceptance: Affective attitude, burden, perceived effectiveness, ethicality, coherence, opportunity costs self-efficacy. aims this study were to develop assess psychometric properties a measurement scale...

Abstract Background Efforts to achieve global tuberculosis (TB) targets, especially in lower- and middle-income countries, such as Nepal, require urgent attention. Challenges persist, including TB-related social stigma catastrophic costs incurred by affected households. Socioeconomically vulnerable individuals, particularly those residing rural, mountainous remote areas, face limited access TB care. To explore the barriers facilitators accessing care, this study was conducted Bajhang, one of...

Abstract Background Hernia repair is the most commonly performed general surgical procedure worldwide. The prevalence poorly described in many areas, and access to surgery may not be met low- middle-income countries. objectives of this study were investigate groin hernia rate a defined sub-Saharan region Africa. Methods A two-part on was carried out eastern Uganda. first population-based with 900 randomly selected men Health Demographic Surveillance Site. second prospective facility-based...

Objectives To explore availability, prices and affordability of essential medicines for diabetes hypertension treatment in private pharmacies three provinces Zambia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted 99 across Zambian provinces. were based on a standardized methodology by the World Health Organization Action International. Availability analysed as mean availability per pharmacy individual medicine. Median compared to international reference differences price between medicine...

Background and objectiveThe Expanded Programme on Immunization was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in all countries during 1970s. Currently, this effective public health intervention is still not accessible to all. This study evaluates change routine vaccination coverage over time based survey data compares it estimations WHO United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). DesignData of children less than 5 years age extracted from Demographic Surveys (DHS) conducted 71 low-...

Diarrhea remains to be a main cause of childhood mortality. case management indicators reflect the effectiveness child survival interventions. We aimed assess time trends and country-wise changes in diarrhea among under-5 children low-and-middle-income countries. analyzed aggregate data from Demographic Health Surveys Multiple Indicator Cluster done 1986 2012 Two-week prevalence rates diarrhea, caregiver’s care seeking behavior three were analyzed. assessed overall across countries using...

Zambia introduced a sector-wide approach (SWAp) in the health sector 1993. The goal was to improve efficiency use of domestic funds and externally sourced development assistance by integrating these into joint sectoral framework. Over decade its existence, however, SWAp remains largely unevaluated. This study explores whether envisaged improvements have been achieved studying developments administrative, technical allocative Zambian from 1990–2006. A case conducted using interviews analysis...

BackgroundIn Uganda and elsewhere, the private sector provides an increasing significant proportion of maternal child health services. However, little is known whether care results in better quality services improved outcomes compared to public sector, especially regarding at time birth.ObjectiveTo describe characteristics care-seekers assess newborn practices received facilities rural eastern Uganda.DesignWithin a community-based intervention with systems strengthening, we collected data...

BackgroundNon-governmental organizations (NGOs) have a key role in improving health low- and middle-income countries. Their work needs to be synergistic, complementary public services, rooted community mobilization collective action. The study explores how an NGO its services are perceived by the population that it serves, can contribute reducing barriers care.DesignA qualitative exploratory was conducted remote Ecuador, characterized widespread poverty lack of official governance. An...

A small group of frequent visitors to Emergency Departments accounts for a disproportionally large fraction healthcare consumption including unplanned hospitalizations and overall costs. In response, several case disease management programs aimed at reducing in this have been tested; however, results vary widely.To investigate whether telephone-based, nurse-led intervention can reduce Department large-scale setup.A total 12 181 users three counties Sweden were randomized using Zelen's design...

Global cholera guidelines support wider healthcare system strengthening interventions, alongside vertical outbreak responses, to end cholera. Well-trained providers are essential for a resilient health and can create synergies with childhood diarrhoea, which has higher mortality. We explored how the main provider groups diarrhoea in hotspots interact, decide on treatment, reflect possible limiting factors opportunities improve prevention treatment. conducted focus group discussions September...

Nigeria accounts for a substantial cholera burden globally, particularly in its northeast region, where insurgency is persistent and widespread. We used participatory group model building workshops to explore enablers barriers implementing known interventions, including water, sanitation hygiene, surveillance laboratory, case management, community engagement, oral vaccine, leadership coordination, as well exploring leverage points interventions collaboration. The study engaged key...

Background Type 2 diabetes and its high-risk stage, prediabetes, are often undiagnosed. Early detection of these conditions is importance to avoid organ complications due the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Diabetes screening can detect persons unaware risk elevated glucose levels potentially be reversed through lifestyle modification medication. There mainly two approaches screening: opportunistic facility-based at health facilities community screening.Objective To...