A5073404729- Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Groundwater flow and contamination studies
- Smart Materials for Construction
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Water resources management and optimization
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Water Quality and Pollution Assessment
- Coagulation and Flocculation Studies
- Water Systems and Optimization
- Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions
- Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
Waters (United States)
2018-2025
Virginia Tech
2018-2025
Center for Coastal Studies
2020-2024
North Carolina State University
2023
University of Maryland, College Park
2023
Samueli Institute
2007-2020
University of California, Irvine
2010-2020
Stanley Foundation
2020
Irvine University
1996-2018
University of Iowa
2017
The concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in the surf zone at Huntington Beach, CA, varies over time scales that span least 7 orders magnitude, from minutes to decades. Sources this variability include historical changes treatment and disposal wastewater dry weather runoff, El Niño events, seasonal variations rainfall, spring-neap tidal cycles, sunlight-induced mortality bacteria, nearshore mixing. On average, total coliform concentrations have decreased past 43 years, although point...
Recreational marine beaches in California are posted as unfit for swimming when the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) exceeds any seven standards. Finding and mitigating sources shoreline FIB is complicated by many potential human nonhuman these organisms complex fate transport processes that control their concentrations. In this study, a three-tiered approach used to identify Avalon Bay, popular resort community on Catalina Island southern California. The first second tiers...
Field studies were conducted to assess the coastal water quality impact of stormwater runoff from Santa Ana River, which drains a large urban watershed located in southern California. Stormwater river leads very poor surf zone quality, with fecal indicator bacteria concentrations exceeding California ocean bathing standards by up 500%. However, cross-shore currents (e.g., rip cells) dilute contaminated cleaner offshore, such that contamination is generally confined < 5 km around outlet....
Catchment urbanization perturbs the water and sediment budgets of streams, degrades stream health function, causes a constellation flow, quality, ecological symptoms collectively known as urban syndrome. Low-impact development (LID) technologies address hydrologic syndrome by mimicking natural flow paths restoring balance. Over annual time scales, volumes stormwater that should be infiltrated harvested can estimated from catchment-scale water-balance given local climate conditions preurban...
Stream physics set the limits A combination of physical transport processes and biologically mediated reactions in streams their sediments removes dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) from water. Although stream chemistry biology have been considered dominant controls on how quickly DIN is removed, Grant et al. show that what sets removal rates nitrate (a component DIN). Residence time hyporheic zone (the region below sediment surface where groundwater water mix) determines maximum rate at...
Elevated levels of enterococci bacteria, an indicator fecal pollution, are routinely detected in the surf zone at Huntington State and City Beaches southern California. A multidisciplinary study was carried out to identify sources bacteria landward coastline. We find that present high concentrations urban runoff, bird feces, marsh sediments, on marine vegetation. Surprisingly, runoff appears have relatively little impact water quality because long time required for this travel from its...
This paper describes a series of field studies aimed at identifying the spatial distribution and flow forcing fecal indicator bacteria in dry wet weather runoff from Talbert watershed, highly urbanized coastal watershed southern California. Runoff this drains through tidal channels to popular public beach, Huntington State Beach, which has experienced chronic surf zone water quality problems over past several years. During weather, concentrations are highest inland urban runoff, intermediate...
The removal of waterborne viruses by packed bed filtration was examined using a model system consisting two different bacteriophages (MS2 and λ) saturated beds ultrapure quartz grains. majority these experiments were conducted at solution pH 5, where the possess net negative surface charge. On basis simple that correctly predicts isoelectric point (pI) MS2, charge on this virus appears to originate from ionization amino acid residues located exterior particle. deposition rates both MS2 λ 5...
Field experiments and modeling studies were carried out to characterize the surf zone entrainment along‐shore transport of pollution from two tidal outlets that drain into Huntington Beach Newport Beach, popular public beaches in southern California. The near‐shore pollutants these appears be controlled by prevailing wave conditions coastal currents, fine‐scale features flow field around outlets. An analysis data dye fecal indicator bacteria monitoring reveals flux water is at least 50 300...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTAdapting Urban Water Systems to a Changing Climate: Lessons from the Millennium Drought in Southeast AustraliaStanley B. Grant*†‡, Tim D. Fletcher⊥, David Feldman§, Jean-Daniel Saphores†§, Perran L. M. Cook#, Mike Stewardson‡, Kathleen Low†, Kristal Burry∇, and Andrew J. Hamilton∥View Author Information† Department of Civil Environmental Engineering, E4130 Engineering Gateway, University California, Irvine, California 92697-2175, United States‡...
The Millennium Drought in Southeast Australia forced greater Melbourne, a city of 4.3 million people, to find innovative ways increasing water supply and decreasing demand. This article explores how managers Melbourne reacted the crisis evaluates short‐ long‐term impacts their decisions. Reduced demand occurred primarily through residential industrial conservation programs, restrictions, together with emergency reductions environmental release streams. also experimented using recycled water,...
Abstract Factors driving freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) influence the severity of impacts and chances for recovery. We hypothesize that spread FSS across ecosystems is a function interactions among five state factors: human activities , geology flowpaths climate time . (1) Human drive pulsed or chronic inputs salt ions mobilization chemical contaminants. (2) Geology drives rates erosion, weathering, ion exchange, acidification‐alkalinization. (3) Flowpaths contaminant along...
Filtration is commonly employed in water and wastewater treatment to remove particles reduce the concentration of microbial pathogens. All physical models packed-bed filtration are based on a proportional relationship between particle removal per unit depth bed local concentration, dC/dz = −C/l, where l length scale. Although known vary with time filter for heterogeneous suspensions or "dirty" beds, this paper demonstrates that rates even seemingly monodisperse under clean-bed conditions...
Norwalk virus is known to be transmitted through groundwater, yet the environmental factors that facilitate its interstitial transport in subsurface systems are not clear. This paper investigates filtration and surface charge of recombinant (rNV) particles morphologically antigenically similar live strains but lack nucleic acid therefore noninfectious. In contrast bacteriophage MS2, a common surrogate for waterborne viral pathogens, rNV their packed beds quartz sand strongly influenced by...
Field studies were conducted to characterize the concentration vs streamflow relationships (or "flow fingerprints") of fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from Santa Ana River watershed, largest watershed southern California. The concentrations indicator bacteria F+ coliphages (viruses infecting E. coli) exhibit little-to-no dependence on rates, whereas total (TSS) a very strong (power-law) rates. different flow fingerprints observed for pollutants, one hand, TSS, other...
Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) have long been used as a marker of fecal pollution in surface waters subject to point source and non-point discharges treated or untreated human waste. In this paper, we set out determine the source(s) elevated FIB concentrations Cucamonga Creek, concrete-lined urban stream southern California. Flow creek consists primarily disinfected wastewater effluent, mixed with relatively smaller but variable flow runoff from surrounding landscape. Dry wet weather...
To determine chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) sources in Southern California coastal waters, optical properties of a river outlet and adjacent tidally flushed salt marshes were monitored (dry season; June‐July 2001). Average absorption coefficients doubled at ebb vs. flood tides (4.8 ± 1.5 2.1 0.9 m ‐1 ; 300 nm), suggesting significant marsh CDOM inputs into waters. spectral slopes not statistically different for any sites or (0.010 0.002 nm −1 ), consistent with dominating...
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTCrossing Turbulent Boundaries: Interfacial Flux in Environmental FlowsStanley B. Grant*†‡ and Ivan Marusic§View Author Information† Department of Civil Engineering, Henry Samueli School University California, Irvine, California 92697, United States§ ‡Department Infrastructure Engineering §Department Mechanical Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria 3010, AustraliaE-mail: [email protected]; phone: (949) 824-8277; fax: 824-2541.Cite this: Environ. Sci....
Abstract Alongside global climate change, many freshwater ecosystems are experiencing substantial shifts in the concentrations and compositions of salt ions coming from both land sea. We synthesize a risk framework for anticipating how change increasing pollution saltwater intrusion will trigger chain reactions extending headwaters to tidal waters. Salt ‘chain reactions,’ where chemical products one biogeochemical reaction influence subsequent ecosystem responses. Different impact drinking...
Transformation and removal of dissolved nutrients pollutants in streams strongly depends on microbial processes streambed sediments. The contact between these solutes communities is mediated by the physical transport from bulk stream to, through, streambed, a process broadly referred to as hyporheic exchange. Even though multiple biological influence rate exchange, we here show that many exchange mechanisms can be represented simply one&#8208;dimensional diffusion process, where...
The mobility and ecology of viruses in natural environments is strongly influenced by the adsorption virus particles to sand or soil surfaces. This binding process frequently studied conducting batch experiments which fluid suspensions are contacted with adsorbent interest. In this report, a simple first‐order kinetic theory presented accounts for many complicated interactions that can occur when contact an system. Closed‐form solutions numerical simulations model indicate four classes...