Polarization, one of the fundamental properties light, is critical for certain imaging applications because it captures information from scene that cannot directly be recorded by traditional intensity cameras. Currently, mainstream approaches polarization rely on strong dichroism birefringent crystals or artificially fabricated structures exhibit a high diattenuation typically exceeding 99%, which corresponds to extinction ratio (PER) >~100. This not only limits transmission efficiency but...

Abstract Dielectric metasurfaces, composed of planar arrays subwavelength dielectric structures that collectively mimic the operation conventional bulk optical elements, have revolutionized field optics by their potential in constructing high-efficiency and multi-functional optoelectronic systems on chip. The performance a metasurface is largely determined its constituent material, which highly desired to high refractive index, low loss wide bandgap, at same time, be fabrication friendly....

The ability to control the instantaneous state of light, from high-energy pulses down single-photon level, is an indispensable requirement in photonics. This has, for example, facilitated spatiotemporal probing and coherent ultrafast light-matter interactions, enabled capabilities such as generation exotic states light with complexity, or at wavelengths, that are not easily accessible. Here, by leveraging multifunctional nanoscale offered metasurfaces embedded a Fourier transform setup, we...

The application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for everyday quantitative analysis is hindered by the point-to-point variability SERS substrates that arises due to heterogeneous distribution localized electromagnetic fields across a suite plasmonic nanostructures. Herein, we adopt elastic scattering as internal standard. Both and inelastic (i.e., Raman) are simultaneously enhanced given "hot spot", thus, signal provides intrinsic standard scales all plasmon-enhanced within...

The conventional methods of creating superhydrophobic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) devices are by conformally coating a nanolayer hydrophobic materials on micro-/nanostructured plasmonic substrates. However, the may partially block hot spots and therefore compromise signals analytes. In this paper, we report partial Leidenfrost evaporation-assisted approach for ultrasensitive SERS detection low-concentration analytes in water droplets hierarchical micro-/nanostructures, which...

Nanoparticle surface coatings dictate their fate, transport, and bioavailability. We used a gold nanoparticle–bacterial cellulose substrate "hot spot"-normalized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (HSNSERS) to achieve in situ real-time monitoring of ligand exchange reactions on the surface. This approach enables semiquantitative determination citrate coverage. Following exposure citrate-coated nanoparticles suite guest ligands (thiolates, amines, carboxylates, inorganic ions, proteins),...

Ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) still faces difficulties in quantitative analysis because of its susceptibility to local optical field variations at plasmonic hotspots metallo-dielectric nanostructures. Current SERS calibration approaches using tags have inherent limitations due spatial occupation competition with analyte molecules, spectral interference peaks, and photodegradation. Herein, we report that plasmon-enhanced electronic scattering (ERS) signals from...

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a sensitive detection technique for biochemical analysis. Despite significant research efforts, most SERS substrates consisting of single‐resonant plasmonic nanostructures on the planar surface suffer from limitations narrowband operation and unoptimized nano‐bio interface with living cells. Here, it is reported that nanolaminate nanocavities 3D vertical nanopillar arrays can support broadband large enhancement factors (>10 6...

With the continuous advancement of IT technology, demand for multifunctional and high-performance semiconductor devices continues to rise. Therefore, there is significant interest in packaging research on 3D technology gaining prominence beyond traditional methods. This study focuses bonding with particular emphasis low-temperature Cu-to-Cu using Au nanolayer. nanolayer was deposited Cu surface thicknesses 5 nm 12 nm, conducted at 180 °C. As a result analysis interface TEM, sample showed...

Abstract In situ monitoring of short‐lived transition states (TSs) is crucial for understanding electrochemical reaction mechanisms but remains challenging. Conventional surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC‐SERS) primarily provides vibrational information, with limitations in hotspot reproducibility and often overlooking electronic information associated TSs. This study introduces a dual‐channel EC‐SERS strategy using nanolaminate nano‐optoelectrode (NLNOE) devices, integrating...

Optical nanoantennas can concentrate light and enhance light-matter interactions in subwavelength domain, which is useful for photodetection, emission, optical biosensing, spectroscopy. However, conventional operating at a single wavelength band are not suitable multiband applications. Here, we propose exploit an out-of-plane plasmonic engineering strategy to design create composite that support multiple nanolocalized modes different resonant wavelengths. These multiresonant composed of...

Abstract Metallic nanogap structures can support gap surface plasmon modes and strongly concentrate optical fields to enable surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for label‐free biochemical analysis down single molecule level. However, current scalable SERS substrates based on horizontally oriented plasmonic nanogaps still face challenges accurate sub‐10 nm control of in‐plane nanostructures. Here, we report a new type high‐performance substrate multistack vertically hotspots in...

The performance of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is typically evaluated by calculating an enhancement factor (EF). However, it challenging to accurately calculate EF values since the calculation often requires use model analytes and assumptions about number analyte molecules within laser excitation volume. Furthermore, measured are target dependent thus compare with obtained using different analytes. In this study, we propose alternative evaluation parameter for SERS...

Ultrathin gold films are attractive for plasmonic and metamaterial devices, thanks to their useful optical optoelectronic properties. However, deposition of ultrathin continuous Au a few nanometer thickness is challenging generally requires wetting layers, resulting in increased losses incompatibility with device requirements. We demonstrate layer-free thicknesses down 3 nm obtained by on substrates cooled cryogenic temperatures. systematically study the effect substrate temperature...

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a powerful technique for ultrasensitive biochemical detection providing molecular fingerprint information. Due to the strong dependence of surface plasmon resonance wavelength on plasmonic nanostructures' surrounding refractive index (RI), SERS enhancement factors (EFs) at hotspots are sensitive changes in background RI, which is detrimental quantitative analysis real-world applications with spatially and temporally varying RI matrices....

Metallic nano-optoelectrode arrays can simultaneously serve as nanoelectrodes to increase the electrochemical surface-to-volume ratio for high-performance electrical recording and optical nanoantennas achieve nanoscale light concentrations ultrasensitive sensing. However, it remains a challenge integrate nano-optoelectrodes with miniaturized multifunctional probing system combined biosensing in vivo. Here, we report that flexible nano-optoelectrode-integrated fiber probes have hybrid...

Metal nanocavities can generate plasmon-enhanced light upconversion signals under ultrashort pulse excitations through anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) or nonlinear harmonic generation processes, offering various applications in bioimaging, sensing, interfacial science, nanothermometry, and integrated photonics. However, achieving broadband multiresonant enhancement of both ASPL processes within the same metal remains challenging, impeding based on dual-modal wavelength-multiplexed...

Abstract A bullet signature measurement system based on a stylus instrument was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for measurements NIST RM (Reference Material) 8240 standard bullets. The bullets are as reference aimed to support recently established Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) by Bureau Alcohol, Tobacco Firearms (ATF) Federal Investigation (FBI). designed both virtual physical standard. is set six digitized signatures originally...

Three optical instruments including an interferometric microscope, a Nipkow disc confocal microscope and laser scanning stylus instrument are used for the measurements of bullet profile signatures National Institute Standards Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 standard bullet. The two-dimensional compared with virtual signature established by same instrument. differences quantified maximum cross-correlation function CCFmax. If were exactly same, CCFmax would be 100%....

Surface metrology is commonly used to characterize functional engineering surfaces. The technologies developed offer opportunities improve forensic toolmark identification. Toolmarks are created when a hard surface, the tool, comes into contact with softer surface and causes plastic deformation. found on fired bullets cartridge cases. Trained firearms examiners use these toolmarks link an evidence bullet or case specific firearm, which can lead criminal conviction. Currently, identification...

Coherent light–matter interactions on the femtosecond time scale form backbone of ultrafast science and technology, where instantaneous state light is used to control detect interaction with matter. Here, polarization has proven pivotal in unveiling intrinsic chiral or anisotropic optical response various material systems, it critical for applications requiring complex encoding including spectroscopy, telecommunications, coherent control. While wave plates forms play a crucial role shaping...

We demonstrate the formation of a complex, multi-wavelength, three-dimensional laser beam configuration with integrated metasurface optics. Our experiments support development compact Sr optical-lattice clock, which leverages magneto-optical trapping on atomic transitions at 461 nm and 689 without bulk free-space integrate six, mm-scale optics fused-silica substrate illuminate them light from optical fibers. The provide full control pointing, divergence, polarization to create for trap....

We demonstrate the formation of a complex, multi-wavelength, three-dimensional laser beam configuration with integrated metasurface (MS) optics. Our experiments support development compact Sr optical-lattice clock, which leverages magneto-optical trapping at 461 nm and 689 without bulk free-space integrate six mm-scale metasurfaces on fused silica substrate illuminate them light from optical fibers. The provide full control pointing, divergence, polarization to create for trap. report...

Abstract Effective trapping and nanolocalization of different colored photons simultaneously at the same position remain a challenge in nanophotonics research but can boost applications based on nonlinear multiphoton processes. For achieving broadband nanoscale light concentration, promising strategy is to employ multiresonant plasmonic devices that support multiple hybridized surface plasmon modes with spatial overlap several resonance wavelengths. However, high‐order from hybridization...