The elemental composition of fish otoliths may represent a permanent record the environmental conditions an individual has experienced as trace elements, incorporated into growing surface otolith, reflect physical and chemical characteristics ambient water. We tested utility element signatures in natural tags river origin juvenile American shad ( Alosa sapidissima ) collected from Connecticut, Hudson Delaware Rivers August October 1994. Four elements (K, Mn, Sr, Ba) showed significant...

Production and certification activities relating to the development of a new Certified Reference Material (FEBS-1) based on fish otolith matrix are described. The material was prepared from 4.5 kg dried saggital harvested red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), ball milled sieved <200 mesh, homogenized, irradiated, bottled into 1 g aliquots certified for major, minor trace element composition using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), isotope dilution-ICP-MS, neutron...

This paper investigates the use of Electrochemical Jet Machining to surface texture a hyper-eutectic Al-Si cylinder liner material. Samples were lapped 6 μm finish followed by immersion in 1 mol NaOH expose primary silicon colonies above aluminium surface. Texturing was carried out using NC system comprising fine gauge nozzle (cathode) jetting solution 2.3 NaCl on (anode) whilst applying current density 220 A/cm2. An array hemispherical dimples at 1.5 mm spacing created, with an average...

A novel, robust hydride generation system compatible with sample introduction inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is described and applied to the determination of Se in biological tissues. short reaction time (60 ms) a rapid separation products obtained by mixing acidified sodium borohydride reductant solution at tip cross-flow nebuliser. modified Scott spray chamber serves as gas–liquid separator, providing 30 s wash-in wash-out times. Analytical results generated external...

Iron and ten other trace elements were determined in the Open Ocean Seawater certified reference material NASS-3 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after separation concentration on silica-immobilized 8-hydroxyquinoline (I-8-HOQ). molybdenum separated from sea-water samples adjusted to pH 3 prior passage through column, whereas for nine preconcentration was performed at 8. Determination of iron concentrates isotope dilution, with 56Fe as 57Fe spike, required use a...

Direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described for methylmercury speciation. A thermal desorption interface, consisting a heated, glass-lined splitless-type GC injector, was placed directly at the base torch to minimize length transfer line. This arrangement provides fast and high sample introduction efficiency. liquid immersion headspace extraction studied, including effect temperature time on For clean...

A method is described for the determination of ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE) their metabolites norephedrine (NE), norpseudoephedrine (NPE), methylephedrine (ME), methylpseudoephedrine (MPE) alkaloids in natural health products by flow injection-electrospray ionization-high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (FI-ESI-FAIMS-MS). The six requires separation diastereomic pairs E-PE, NE-NPE, ME-MPE. FAIMS was able to resolve/separate these isomeric based...

Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) for sample introduction into (inductively coupled) plasmas has been explored more than two decades, first use with optical spectroscopy and subsequently mass spectrometry. It is the latter that its full potential appreciated vis-à-vis solution nebulization. Tandem coupling of an ETV to a plasma source elicits number attractive features, not least which explicit device as thermochemical reactor in situ pretreatment samples. This aspect yet sufficiently well...

A modified Bergener parallel path nebulizer was used for the generation of volatile metal species Pt, Co, Ag, Cu, Rh, Pd, Au, Ni, Ir, Ti and Mn through reaction with tetrahydroborate (III). Several physicochemical factors were identified which impact on their yield which, at present, is estimated to range from 0.02-2% absolute.

The results of a detailed study carried out for uranium suggest that the addition 8% nitrogen to outer gas is often more effective means reducing oxide interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry than reduction water loading an all-argon by spray-chamber cooling or partial desolvation aerosol. beneficial effect enhanced, however, combination with loading. A dramatic argon background peak also observed. practicality this approach has been demonstrated applications difficult...

Analytical data illustrating the typical response characteristics of a commercial inductively coupled plasma orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Optimass8000 ICP-oa-TOFMS, GBC Scientific Equipment Pty Ltd., Australia) are presented. With optimum instrument tuned at mid-mass (103Rh), limits detection for suite elements representative m/z 9–238 were estimated to be typically 1 ppt; background counts across range averaged 0.5 Hz; sensitivity was 7 MHz per µg ml−1 (Rh);...

The mechanisms of chemical vapor generation (CVG) transition and noble metals by reaction with tetrahydroborate(III) have been investigated in an effort to reconcile fundamental properties compounds containing metal–hydride bonds the experimental evidence collected present work recent analytical literature on CVG. Silver, gold rhodium were detail. Various materials constituting wetted surfaces apparatus (Ryton, glass, silanized glass) examined for their effect overall process, as was...

The vapor generation characteristics of several transition and noble metals arising from reduction their aquo-ions by tetrahydroborate(III) are presented. A modified parallel path Burgener Teflon nebulizer interfaced to an ICP-MS for detection was used examine the effects experimental variables. influence both hydrochloric nitric acid as well nature surface exposed nascent species is paramount importance overall efficiency process. Both glass Ryton double pass spray chambers were examined,...

Generation of atomic and molecular species cadmium following reaction acidified sample with sodium tetrahydroborate reductant using a modified parallel path Burgener nebulizer has been accomplished. Once generated, are stable in water, having half-life 2.2 min, can be preconcentrated for subsequent quantitation. Although the initial products reduction appear to free atoms, interaction nascent hydrogen gives rise hydride transformation moderated by chemistry surface groups exposed products....

A commercially available chelation concentration system for the on-line preconcentration of trace metals from saline solutions was modified to permit simultaneous determination Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in 5 ml sea-water samples less than 10 min by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Modifications were necessary order obtain acceptably low blanks several elements. The operated both with columns provided manufacturer containing silica-immobilized 8-hydroxyquinoline....

A suite of five ephedra-containing dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute Standards and Technology (NIST) with certified values for ephedrine alkaloids, synephrine, caffeine, selected toxic trace elements. The materials represent a variety natural, extracted, processed sample matrixes that provide different analytical challenges. constituents have determined multiple independent methods measurements performed NIST three collaborating...

Direct coupling of solid phase microextraction (SPME) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the non-selective determination arsenic, selenium, antimony and tin species amenable to hydride generation. A thermal desorption interface consisting a heated glass-lined splitless type GC injector placed directly at base torch minimize length transfer-line. The effects time concentrations sodium borohydride hydrochloric acid on extraction efficiency were optimized....

A continuous-flow microwave-assisted digestion technique was tested with a view to the evaluation of its effectiveness for decomposition environmental samples. CEM SpectroPrep system used at moderate powers and pressures up 2413 kPa perform on-line slurried samples biological tissues (0.5% m/v) marine sediment (1% m/v). The efficiency oxidation matrices, as characterized by residual carbon content solutions, 64%. Recovery trace elements averaged 90±1% accommodated use suitable internal...