When applied on the counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell, functionalized graphene sheets with oxygen-containing sites perform comparably to platinum (conversion efficiencies 5.0 and 5.5%, respectively, at 100 mW cm−2 AM1.5G simulated light). To interpret catalytic activity toward reduction triiodide, we propose new electrochemical impedance spectroscopy equivalent circuit that matches observed spectra features appropriate phenomena. Using cyclic voltammetry, also show tuning our...

Several techniques for fabricating functionalized graphene sheet (FGS) electrodes were tested catalytic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By using ethyl cellulose as a sacrificial binder, and partially thermolyzing it, we able to create which exhibited lower effective charge transfer resistance (<1 Ω cm2) than the thermally decomposed chloroplatinic acid traditionally used. This was achieved not only triiodide/iodide redox couple, but also two other major mediators used...

A synthetic pathway has been constructed for the production of glucuronic and glucaric acids from glucose in Escherichia coli. Coexpression genes encoding myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Ino1) Saccharomyces cerevisiae myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) mice led to acid through intermediate myo-inositol. Glucuronic concentrations up 0.3 g/liter were measured culture broth. The activity MIOX was rate limiting, resulting accumulation both as final products, approximately equal concentrations....

Both 20- and 100-year time scales should always be reported

We describe a scalable method for producing continuous graphene networks by tape casting surfactant-stabilized aqueous suspensions of functionalized sheets. Similar to all other highly connected graphene-containing networks, the degree overlap between sheets controls tapes' electrical and mechanical properties. However, unlike specific surface area cast tapes remains high (>400 m2·g–1). Exhibiting apparent densities 0.15 0.51 g·cm–3, with conductivities up 24 kS·m–1 tensile strengths over 10...

Abstract Effects on mechanical properties of user‐controlled and user‐uncontrolled factors in a 3D printing system were investigated using flame retardant carbon fiber reinforced nylon filament. Moisture print orientation, both user controllable elements, dominated property variation. Dry samples exhibited tensile (flexural) strength 2.4 (2.1) times greater than that wet samples, while ZX measured to have about half the XY XZ samples. User‐uncontrolled including material variation printer...

Environmental effects-temperature and moisture-on 3D printed part dimensional accuracy are explored. The coefficient of thermal expansion four different nylon materials was determined for XY ZX print orientations, with 0°, 45°/-45°, 90° infill patterns. Unreinforced exhibited a the same order regardless condition (from 11.4 to 17.5 × 10-5 1/°C), while nylons reinforced discontinuous carbon fiber were highly anisotropic, instance exhibiting 2.2 1/°C in flow direction (0° angle) 24.8...

Advanced materials, such as metal matrix composites (MMCs), are important for innovation, national security, and addressing climate change. MMCs used in military, aerospace, automotive applications because of their exceptional mechanical thermal properties, however adoption has been slow due to costly onerous manufacturing processes. A new process using fused filament fabrication 3D printing developed make net shape without tooling or machining. The involves an alumina preform then...

Metal fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology uses metal powder filled plastic filaments, coupled with debinding and sintering operations, to produce parts. This study builds upon FFF technology, combining the technique melt infiltration create a structure that retains surface hardness of tool steel while also benefiting from thermal conductivity copper. We observe excellent wettability copper steel, complete filling as-sintered infill free volume, diffusion iron chromium into To...

We demonstrate that functionalized graphene, rich with lattice defects but lean oxygen sites, catalyzes the reduction of CoIII(bpy)3 as well platinum does, exhibiting a rate heterogeneous electron transfer, k0, ∼6 × 10–3 cm/s. show this to be an order magnitude higher than on oxygen-site-rich graphene oxide, and over 2 orders basal plane graphite (as surrogate for pristine graphene). Furthermore, dye-sensitized solar cells using defect-rich monolayers perform similarly those nanoparticles catalyst.

Interfacial charge separation in hybrid solar cells depends on both the energetic alignment and electronic coupling between inorganic organic semiconducting materials at hetero interface. In present work, bilayer comprising small molecular dye TDCV-TPA (tris-(thienylene-vinylene)-triphenylamine) dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) films were investigated. The internal quantum efficiency degree of photoluminescence quenching found to be excitation energy dependent. interaction interfacial level was...

Purpose Many additively manufactured parts suffer from reduced interlayer strength. This anisotropy is necessarily tied to the orientation during manufacture. When individual features on a part have conflicting optimal orientations, unavoidably compromised. paper aims demonstrate strategy in which can be functionally separated into “co-parts” are individually aligned an orientation, selectively reinforced with continuous fiber, printed simultaneously and, finally, assembled composite...

As the adoption of additive manufacturing technologies for end-use parts continues to progress, evaluation environmental durability is essential qualification manufactured articles in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and electrical. This study explores effects UV water-spray exposure on mechanical properties an additively polyamide 6 blend reinforced with short carbon fiber continuous fiber. Fused-filament-fabrication-printed test samples were exposed a Xenon-arc source following...