A5085118681- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Mineralogy and Gemology Studies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Image Processing Techniques and Applications
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Navier-Stokes equation solutions
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
2014-2025
University of Manchester
2015-2024
University of Pisa
2012-2020
Belgian Nuclear Research Centre
2020
INGV Sezione di Pisa
2014
Although gas exsolution is a major driving force behind explosive volcanic eruptions, viscosity critical in controlling the escape of bubbles and switching between effusive behavior. Temperature composition control melt viscosity, but crystallization above volume (>30 %) can lock up magma, triggering an explosion. Here, we present alternative to this well-established paradigm by showing how unexpectedly small nano-sized crystals cause disproportionate increase magma viscosity. Our situ...
Abstract Explosivity of basaltic eruptions is related to the efficiency in which exsolved gas can separate from melt during ascent, controlled by magma permeability. However, pyroclasts varying explosivity show similar permeability, indicating a possible complex relationship between outgassing and eruptive style. Here, we provide 3D measurements using X-ray microtomography. We investigate role permeability on ascent dynamics numerical conduit model. Among permeable parameters, bubble number...
Magma crystallisation is a fundamental process driving eruptions and controlling the style of volcanic activity. Crystal nucleation delay, heterogeneous homogeneous crystal growth are all time-dependent processes, however, there paucity real-time experimental data on kinetics, particularly at beginning when conditions far from equilibrium. Here, we reveal first in situ 3D observations kinetics natural magma, reproducing occurring during lava flow, by combining bespoke high-temperature...
Abstract Timescales of magma ascent in conduit models are typically assumed to be much longer than crystallization and gas exsolution for basaltic eruptions. However, it is now recognized that magmas may rise fast enough disequilibrium processes play a key role on the dynamics. The quantification characteristic times fundamental our understanding such disequilibria Here we use observations from Mount Etna’s 2001 eruption model constrain timescales processes. Our results show plagioclase...
The dichotomy between explosive volcanic eruptions, which produce pyroclasts, and effusive lava, is defined by the presence or absence of fragmentation during magma ascent. For lava fountains distinction unclear, since liquid phase in rising may remain continuous to vent, fragment fountain, then re-weld on deposition feed rheomorphic flows. Here we use a numerical model constrain controls basaltic eruption style, using Kilauea Etna as case studies. Based our results, propose that fountaining...
The majority of basaltic magmas stall in the Earth's crust as a result rheological evolution caused by crystallization during transport. However, relationships between crystallinity, rheology and eruptibility remain uncertain because it is difficult to observe dynamic magma real time. Here, we present in-situ 4D data for crystal growth kinetics textural pyroxene trachybasaltic high-temperature experiments under water-saturated conditions at crustal pressures. We dendritic on initially...
Abstract As global populations grow, the exposure of communities and infrastructure to volcanic hazards increases every year. Once a eruption begins, it becomes critical for risk managers understand likely evolution duration activity assess its impact on infrastructure. Here, we report an exponential decay in satellite-derived SO 2 emission rates during 2021 Tajogaite, La Palma, Canary Islands, show that this pattern allows reliable consistent forecast emissions after first third total...
The explosivity of a volcanic eruption is controlled by several interdependent processes during magma ascent, such as crystallisation, gas exsolution and outgassing. Syn-eruptive crystallisation can increase the potential fragmentation. Whilst degree coupling between melt phases ascent influence eruptive style. Quantitative textural analysis vesicles crystals in erupted products provide insight into syn-eruptive conduit conditions leading to Synchrotron-based imaging techniques X-ray...
Eruption dynamics and eruptive style are controlled by the interplay feedback of non-linear conduit processes during magma ascent, such as gas exsolution, bubble expansion, outgassing crystallisation. These control evolution viscosity how easily melt phase decouple ascent. Volcanism associated with intermediate evolved alkaline magmas (from phonotephritic to phonolitic) is characterised a wide range styles, from lava flow Plinian eruptions. This diversity in behaviour makes eruption volcanic...
Mt. Etna is one of the most active basaltic volcanoes on Earth, producing a wide range eruptive styles, from relatively gentle effusive eruptions to highly hazardous explosive eruptions. During last three decades, has produced numerous paroxysmal events, generating intense lava fountaining and ash clouds that reached several kilometres in height. In particular, between 13 December 2020 21 February 2022, series 62 paroxysms occurred at Etna. Petrological geochemical analyses erupted samples...
As global populations grow, the exposure of communities and infrastructure to volcanic hazards increases every year. Once a eruption begins it becomes critical for risk managers understand likely evolution duration activity assess its impact on infrastructure. Here, we report an exponential decay in satellite-derived SO2 emission rates during 2021 Tajogaite, La Palma, Canary Islands, show that this pattern allows reliable consistent forecast emissions after first third total duration. The...
Lava flow emplacement depends on the effusion rate, viscosity of lava and topography. The transport within flows usually occurs through formation channels or by development tubes. that form tubes are able to feed their front with molten lava, due insulation erupted roof tubes, preventing atmospheric cooling. These tube-fed can thus emplace over longer distances, increasing hazard caused flows. tube a be influenced different factors such as: eruption pre-eruptive topography, geochemical...
Abstract Water plays a key role in magma genesis, differentiation, ascent and, finally, eruption. Despite the recognized crucial function of water, there are still several issues that continue to blur our view about its magmatic systems. What timescales H 2 O accumulation crystallizing magmas? rates water-rich residual melts leading explosive eruptions? Here, we track timescale water melt resulting from crystallization hydrous CO -bearing mass stored at mid- deep-crustal levels...
Abstract Water and carbon dioxide are the most abundant volatile components in terrestrial magmas. As they exsolve into magmatic vapour, promote magma buoyancy, accelerating ascent modulating eruptive dynamics. It is commonly thought that an increase pre-eruptive content produces eruption intensity. Using a conduit model for basaltic eruptions, covering upper 6 km of conduit, we show same chamber conditions mass rate not affected by CO 2 content, whereas H O up to 10 wt.% order magnitude....
Abstract Although rare, basaltic Plinian eruptions represent a considerable volcanic hazard. The low viscosity of crystal-poor magma inhibits fragmentation; however, Las Sierras-Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, has produced multiple eruptions. Here, we quantify the geochemistry and volatile concentrations melt inclusions in samples Fontana Lapilli Masaya Triple Layer to constrain pre-eruptive conditions. Combining thermometry geochemical modelling, show that cooled ~1000 °C prior eruption,...
SUMMARY A model for multidimensional compressible two‐phase flow with pressure and velocity relaxations based on the theory of thermodynamically compatible system is extended to study liquid–gas flows cavitation. The assumes each phase its own velocity, while a common temperature considered. governing equations form hyperbolic in conservative are derived through system. pressure‐equalizing process interfacial friction taken into account balance laws volume fractions one relative by adding...
The geological carbon cycle has played a key role in controlling climate throughout Earth's history. For the last ∼3 billion years plate tectonics driven subduction. Subducted slabs have transported CO2 from lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere into Earth, where it may be released back to surface through processes such as arc volcanism or can stored deep interior over time. Carbonate-bearing sediments basalts of altered oceanic crust are primary media by which is subducted. Therefore,...