A5054350671- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Landslides and related hazards
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Infrared Target Detection Methodologies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Remote-Sensing Image Classification
- Advanced Image Fusion Techniques
University of Manchester
2018-2025
Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics
2023-2025
Abstract Alkaline mafic magmas forming intra-plate oceanic islands are believed to be strongly enriched in CO 2 due low-degree partial melting of mantle sources. However, until now, such enhancement has not been verified by measuring degassing during a subaerial eruption. Here, we provide evidence highly -rich gas emissions the 86-day 2021 Tajogaite eruption Cumbre Vieja volcano on La Palma Island, Canary archipelago. Our results reveal sustained high plume /SO ratios, which, when combined...
Abstract The newly launched imaging spectrometer TROPOMI onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite provides atmospheric column measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and other gases with a pixel resolution 3.5 × 7 km . This permits mapping emission plumes from vast number natural anthropogenic emitters unprecedented sensitivity, revealing sources which were previously undetectable space. Novel analysis using back-trajectory modelling satellite-based SO columns allows calculation flux time...
The extrusion rate of a lava dome is critical parameter for monitoring silicic eruptions and forecasting their development. Satellite radar backscatter can provide unique information about growth during volcanic eruption when other datasets (e.g., optical, thermal, ground-based measurements, etc.) may be limited. Here, we present an approach estimating topography from individual images. Using data multiple SAR sensors apply the method to 2021 at La Soufrière, St. Vincent. We measure average...
In March 2021 an effusive eruption began at the Fagradalsfjall volcanic system in Iceland, ending nearly 800 years of dormancy on Reykjanes peninsula. The produced lava flows and moderate gas emissions and, although it did not cause significant disruption, highlighted need for near real-time monitoring activity peninsula future eruptions. passed through several phases, each characterised by a different style, providing rich testbed methodologies. We present measurements sulphur dioxide (SO2)...
Abstract As global populations grow, the exposure of communities and infrastructure to volcanic hazards increases every year. Once a eruption begins, it becomes critical for risk managers understand likely evolution duration activity assess its impact on infrastructure. Here, we report an exponential decay in satellite-derived SO 2 emission rates during 2021 Tajogaite, La Palma, Canary Islands, show that this pattern allows reliable consistent forecast emissions after first third total...
During volcanic eruptions, a variety of metals and metalloids are emitted along with gases particulate matter. These elements released in trace amounts, often bound to ash, gases, aerosols, can be transported over long distances by wind currents. Some the key commonly found emissions include Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se), Thallium (Tl), Tungsten (W), Antimony (Sb), Beryllium (Be) Copper (Cu). concern because several them, such as As, Cd, Pb, Cr, toxic...
As global populations grow, the exposure of communities and infrastructure to volcanic hazards increases every year. Once a eruption begins it becomes critical for risk managers understand likely evolution duration activity assess its impact on infrastructure. Here, we report an exponential decay in satellite-derived SO2 emission rates during 2021 Tajogaite, La Palma, Canary Islands, show that this pattern allows reliable consistent forecast emissions after first third total duration. The...
We performed helicopter-borne optical MultiGAS measurements of volcanic gas emissions from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealing distinct spikes in SO 2 and HCl concentrations within a larger CO -rich plume. Acid-rich concentration matched the distribution high-temperature fumaroles, whereas is emitted broadly high- low-temperature fumaroles. The flux was 15 to 41 kilograms per second hot fumaroles 61 131 for overall typical calculation multiplying /SO ratio with underestimates...
Abstract. Knowledge of sulfur dioxide layer height (SO2 LH) is important to understand volcanic eruption processes, the climate impact SO2 emissions and mitigate risk for civil aviation. However, estimation LH from ground-based instruments challenging in particular rapidly evolving sustained eruptions. Satellite wide-swath nadir observations have advantage cover large-scale plumes potential provide key information on LH. In ultraviolet, retrievals leverage fact that, large columns, light...
Abstract Determining SO 2 emission time-series from explosive eruptions can provide important insights into the driving magmatic processes, however accurate measurements are difficult to collect. Satellite-based platforms imagery, translating this altitude- and time-resolved history required unravel volcanic processes is a major challenge. This means rarely quantified for eruptions, producing gap in our understanding of volcanism. Here, we combine imagery collected by TROPOspheric Monitoring...
Abstract Bagana is a remote, highly active volcano, located on Bougainville Island in southeastern Papua New Guinea. The volcano has exhibited sustained and prodigious sulfur dioxide gas emissions recent decades, accompanied by frequent episodes of lava extrusion. remote location its persistent activity have made it valuable case study for satellite observations volcanism. This remoteness also left many features relatively unexplored. Here, we present the first measurements volcanic...
Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion, France, erupted between the 2 and 6 April 2020, one of a series eruptive phases which occur typically two or three times per year. Here, we use back trajectory analysis satellite data from TROPOMI instrument to determine that gas emissions during June 2020 eruption were unusually high intensity altitude, producing 34.9 ± 17.4 kt SO2 plume heights up 5 km a.s.l. The early stages (2-4 2020) characterised by relatively low emission rates despite strong...
SO2 cameras are able to measure rapid changes in volcanic emission rate but require accurate calibrations and corrections convert optical depth images into slant column densities. We conducted a test at Masaya volcano of two camera calibration approaches, cells co-located spectrometer, corrected both for light dilution, process caused by scattering between the plume camera. demonstrate an advancement on image-based correction that allows retrieval efficiency across 2D area image. When...
Volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission measurements are a key element of volcano monitoring strategies and underpin our understanding magmatic degassing impacts on air quality, aircraft, climate. SO2 is usually performed with near-field ground-based measurements, but ever-improving satellite observations increasingly offers the capacity for volcanic from space. Here we examine May–August 2018 eruption at Kīlauea, Hawai'i, which produced voluminous low-altitude gas plume. We compare emissions...
High precision and accuracy in volcanic SO2 emission rate quantification is critical for eruption forecasting and, combination with in-plume gas ratios, quantifying global inventories. Light dilution, where scattering of ultraviolet light dilutes plume absorbance signals, has been recognized more than 50 years, but still not routinely corrected during flux quantification. Here we use modelling empirical observations to show that dilution produces: (i) underestimates can reach a factor 5 at...
Field-portable Open Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers can be used to remotely measure the composition of volcanic plumes using absorption spectroscopy, providing invaluable data on total gas emissions. Quantifying temporal evolution compositions during an eruption helps develop models processes and aids in forecasting. Absorption measurements require a viewing geometry which aligns infrared source, plume, instrument, challenging. Here, we present fast retrieval...
Abstract Even modest ash-rich volcanic eruptions can severely impact a range of human activities, especially air travel. The dispersal ash in these depends critically on aggregation and sedimentation processes – however are difficult to quantify plumes. Here, we image dynamics from mild explosive activity at Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala, by measuring the depolarisation scattered sunlight non-spherical particles, allowing diffuse plumes be investigated with high temporal resolution (>1...
Abstract. Accurate quantification of the sulphur dioxide (SO2) flux from volcanoes provides both an insight into magmatic processes and a powerful monitoring tool for hazard mitigation, with miniature ultraviolet spectrometers becoming go-to method SO2 measurements globally. The most common analysis these is Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS), in which reference spectrum taken outside plume used to quantify column density inside plume. This can lead problems if contaminated...
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The expression of volcanic activity at the Earth’s surface is accompanied by emission a cocktail different gases, including water, carbon dioxide, sulphur species, halogens and metals. composition magnitude these emissions reflects state magmatic systems, providing insights into processes key hazard monitoring information. Many products also have serious health implications for local communities are important species global climate. primary target quantification SO2, due to its...