A5080592211- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological formations and processes
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geotourism and Geoheritage Conservation
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Insurance and Financial Risk Management
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
University of the West Indies
2019-2023
Montserrat Volcano Observatory
2006-2023
University of the West
2021
EuroGeoSurveys
2017
Geological Survey of Ireland
2017
University of Auckland
2008-2014
British Geological Survey
2006-2010
Natural Environment Research Council
2006
Lancaster University
2002
Abstract In 1997 Soufriére Hills Volcano on Montserrat produced 88 Vulcanian explosions: 13 between 4 and 12 August 75 22 September 21 October. Each episode was preceded by a large dome collapse that decompressed the conduit led to conditions for explosive fragmentation. The explosions, which occurred at intervals of 2.5 63 hours, with mean 10 were transient events, an initial high-intensity phase lasting few tens seconds lower-intensity, waning 1 3 hours. all but one explosion, fountain...
The third episode of lava dome growth at Soufrière Hills Volcano began 1 August 2005 and ended 20 April 2007. Volumes the talus produced were measured using a photo‐based method with calibrated camera for increased accuracy. total dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume extruded andesite magma (306 ± 51 Mm 3 ) was similar within error to that in earlier episodes but average extrusion rate 5.6 0.9 m s −1 (DRE), higher than previous episodes. Extrusion rates varied pulsatory manner from <0.5 ∼20...
Abstract A critical challenge during volcanic emergencies is responding to rapid changes in eruptive behaviour. Actionable advice, essential times of rising uncertainty, demands the synthesis and communication multiple datasets with prognoses. The 2020–2021 eruption La Soufrière volcano exemplifies these challenges: a series explosions from 9–22 April 2021 was preceded by three months effusive activity, which commenced remarkably low level detected unrest. Here we show how development an...
Broadband MT (magnetotelluric) data were recorded that form an array of measurements at the south‐eastern margin TVZ (Taupo Volcanic Zone), in central North Island New Zealand. These are used to investigate mechanisms by which TVZ's extraordinarily high heat flux is transported surface. Taken together with seismological data, these show compelling evidence support a model hydrothermal convection within brittle (upper ∼6–7 km) part crust. Both 2‐D and 3‐D inversion models vertical...
Abstract Four mechanisms caused tephra fallout at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, during the 1995-1999 period: explosive activity (mainly of Vulcanian type), dome collapses, ash-venting and phreatic explosions. The first two contributed most tephra-fallout deposits (minimum total dense-rock equivalent volume 23 x 10 6 m 3 ), which vary from massive to layered represent amalgamation a large numbers events. co-pyroclastic-flow is in range 4-16° associated pyroclastic flow deposits....
Research Article| July 01, 2006 Submarine pyroclastic deposits formed at the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat (1995–2003): What happens when flows enter ocean? J. Trofimovs; Trofimovs 1Department of Earth Sciences, University Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar L. Amy; Amy G. Boudon; Boudon 2Institut de Physique du Globe Paris et Centre National la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Case 89, 4 Place...
We estimate that about 1 km 3 of andesitic lava has been produced at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1995 to 2009. There were three major episodes extrusion, each lasting 2 3.5 years and producing 280 340 M m lava, one minor episode. Our estimates account for the dense rock equivalent volumetric contributions core talus components dome, pyroclastic flow deposits air‐fall deposits. By 2005 least two thirds erupted mass already entered sea. The average flux across extrusion 3–5 s− ,...
To better understand the volcanic phenomena acting on Montserrat, SEA-CALIPSO seismic experiment (Seismic Experiment with Airgun-source – Caribbean Andesitic Lava Island Precision Seismo-geodetic Observatory) was conducted in 2007 December aim of imaging upper crust and magmatic system feeding active Soufriére Hills Volcano. The 3-D survey covered an area about 50 × 40 km involved deployment 247 land stations ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs). A subset data, recorded by four OBSs a southeast...
The Soufri&#232;re Hills Volcano on the island of Montserrat in Lesser Antilles was activated 1995 after centuries dormancy. Since then and until 2010, five major phases activity led to explosive eruptions, dome building collapse events, pyroclastic flows ash clouds, which buried capital, Plymouth, caused loss life extensive destruction infrastructure, rendering southern part uninhabitable. is currently rebuilding, with efforts focusing among others importance better understanding...
We performed helicopter-borne optical MultiGAS measurements of volcanic gas emissions from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealing distinct spikes in SO 2 and HCl concentrations within a larger CO -rich plume. Acid-rich concentration matched the distribution high-temperature fumaroles, whereas is emitted broadly high- low-temperature fumaroles. The flux was 15 to 41 kilograms per second hot fumaroles 61 131 for overall typical calculation multiplying /SO ratio with underestimates...
The third episode of lava dome growth at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat was characterised by higher average magma discharge rates than either previous this volcano and yet fewer collapses. During sustained moderate‐high (>6 m 3 /s), we identified 2–6 week pulses that each supplied c.20 Mm from depth. Our observations are consistent with some existing models but explain discrepancies a combination volatile contents ascent rates. Cycles c. 11–16 days were evident in rockfall, LP...
This contribution provides an analysis of the 1995–2009 eruptive period Soufrière Hills volcano (Montserrat) from a unique offshore perspective. The methodology is based on five repeated swath bathymetric surveys. difference between 2009 and 1999 bathymetry suggests that at least 395 Mm 3 material has entered sea. proximal deposit reaches 95 m thick extends ∼7km shore. However, map does not include either finer distal part submarine or delta close to shoreline. We took both contributions...
Abstract The Lesser Antilles subduction zone is a challenging region when it comes to unraveling its seismogenic behavior. Over the last century, megathrust has been seismically quiet, with no large thrust event recorded, which raises question whether this able produce interplate earthquakes or not. However, two historical in 19th M 7–8 1839 and 7.5–8.5 1843, are proposed have occurred along megathrust, although direct evidence exists. Here we provide new assessment of interseismic coupling...
Exogenous growth of Peléean lava domes involves the addition from a central summit vent and mass wasting on flanks as rockfalls pyroclastic flows. These processes were investigated at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, between 30 March 10 April 2006, using ground‐based imaging millimeter‐wave radar, AVTIS, to measure shape dome talus surface rockfall seismicity combined with camera observations infer flow deposit volumes. The topographic evolution was recorded in time series radar range...
Gas‐liquid flows, designed to be analogous those in volcanic conduits, are generated the laboratory using organic gas‐gum rosin mixtures expanding a vertically mounted tube. The fluid shows range of both flow and pressure oscillation behaviors. Weakly supersaturated source liquids produce low Reynolds number with foam from top surface liquid that exhibits zero velocity at tube wall; i.e., conventional “no‐slip” boundary condition. Pressure oscillations, often strong long‐period...
Abstract. A partial dome collapse with concurrent pyroclastic flow (PF) activity occurred at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat on 8 January 2007. Pyroclastic density currents were observed to propagate from the Northwest and West sectors of summit into heads Tyres Ghaut Gages Valley, respectively. Between 10:00 10:15 UTC flows entered there descended Belham Valley reaching a distance about 5 km source. side edifice continued high levels over following 1.5 h, although run-out...
Campaign and continuous GPS geodetic measurements on Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat are reported from 1995 to 2009, spanning three dome growth repose episodes. Uniform elastic half‐space inversions were used examine how crustal pressure sources evolved by inverting subsets of all available 3D site data for any given episode using a single Mogi‐source. Changes in network topology also examined. The average best‐fitting Mogi model yields X = 0.3 ± 0.5 km, Y 0.8 0.4 depth Z 10.4 2.1 km (1‐...
Research Article| June 01, 2009 Clastic and core lava components of a silicic dome G. Wadge; Wadge * 1Environmental Systems Science Centre, University Reading, Reading RG6 6AL, UK *E-mail: gw@mail.nerc-essc.ac.uk. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ryan; Ryan 2Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Flemmings, Montserrat, West Indies 3Institute Earth Engineering, Aukland, New Zealand E.S. Calder 4Center Geohazards, State York at Buffalo, 14260, USA Author Article...
SUMMARY Geological estimates of vertical motions in the central part Lesser Antilles show subsidence on timescales ranging from 125.000 to 100 yr, which has been interpreted be caused by interseismic locking along subduction megathrust. However, horizontal GNSS velocities that interface is currently building up little no elastic strain. Here, we present new present-day for islands and explore link between short- long-term their underlying processes. We find a geodetic island arc at 1–2 mm...
Abstract Measurements of surface deformation provide valuable insight into sub-volcanic processes operating before, during and after eruptions. Here, we investigate the drivers behind 2020–21 effusive–explosive episode at La Soufrière volcano in St Vincent using Global Positioning System (GPS) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data between 2018 2021, geodetic modelling. We observe inflation up to six months before start effusive phase, which continued as dome extruded. Once...