A5089294747- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Climate variability and models
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Space exploration and regulation
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Disaster Management and Resilience
University of Bristol
2014-2024
Cabot (United States)
2010-2019
Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics
2016-2017
At Bristol
2014
Michigan Technological University
2003-2011
University of Cambridge
1998-2001
Montserrat Volcano Observatory
1999
Dome growth at the Soufriere Hills volcano (1996 to 1998) was frequently accompanied by repetitive cycles of earthquakes, ground deformation, degassing, and explosive eruptions. The reflected unsteady conduit flow volatile-charged magma resulting from gas exsolution, rheological stiffening, pressurization. cycles, over hours days, initiated when degassed stiff retarded in upper conduit. Conduit pressure built with causing shallow seismicity edifice inflation. Magma were then expelled...
In this study, ultraviolet TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) satellite data for SO 2 are re‐evaluated the first 15 days following June 1991 Pinatubo eruption to reflect new retrieval and reduction methods. Infrared from TOVS/HIRS/2 (TIROS (Television Observation Satellite) Optical Vertical Sounder/High Resolution Radiation Sounder/2) sensor, whose sets have a higher temporal resolution, also analyzed time Pinatubo. Extrapolation of masses calculated TOVS measurements 19–118 hours after...
Abstract Since their first depolyment in November 1978, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments have provided a robust and near-continuous record of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) ash emissions from active volcanoes worldwide. Data four TOMS satellites that flown to date been analysed with latest SO /ash algorithms incorporated into volcanic database presently covers 22 years emissions. The 1978–2001 comprises 102 eruptions 61 volcanoes, resulting 784 days cloud observations....
The heterogeneous interactions of gas molecules on solid particles are crucial in many areas science, engineering and technology. Such play a critical role atmospheric chemistry catalysis, key technology the energy chemical industries. Investigating upon single levitated can provide significant insight into these important processes. Various methodologies exist for levitating micron sized including: optical, electrical acoustic techniques. Prior to this study, optical levitation scale has...
Pinatubo's 15 June 1991 eruption was Earth's largest of the last 25 years, and it formed a substantial volcanic cloud. We present results analysis satellite‐based infrared remote sensing using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder/High Infrared Radiation Sounder/2 (TOVS/HIRS/2) sensors, during first few days atmospheric residence Pinatubo cloud, as drifted from Philippines toward Africa. An SO 2 ‐rich upper (25 km) portion westward slightly...
We present results from a campaign in March 2009 to assess the current state of emissions Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua. These constitute one most comprehensive inventories date an active volcano and update exceptional record Masaya. Results open‐path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy filter packs demonstrate that, terms H 2 O, SO , CO HCl, HF (molar O/SO = 63, /SO 2.7, /HCl 1.7, /HF 8.8), gas composition was highly comparable that 1998 2000 period, indicating stability shallow magma...
Activity at Pacaya volcano, Guatemala is characterized by persistent degassing, coupled times with lava effusion and/or coincident Strombolian‐style explosions. We used 0.25 Hz sample rate sulfur dioxide emission data from a UV camera and infrasound recordings to investigate the link between varied rates events. Degassing on two scales during this study; smaller, more rapid variations scale of 1 3 minutes are superimposed larger, slower changes over 30 hour. The acoustic record was dominated...
Aerial measurements using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor volcanic plumes.
Abstract A data insertion method, where a dispersion model is initialized from ash properties derived series of satellite observations, used to the 8 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud which extended Iceland northern Spain. We also briefly discuss application this method April phase eruption and 2011 Grímsvötn eruption. An advantage that very little knowledge about itself required because some usual source parameters are not used. The may therefore be useful for remote volcanoes good...
Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) offer explicit representations of the land surface through time and have been used to research large-scale hydrological responses climate change. These applications are discussed comparisons model inputs formulations made among between DGVMs models. It is shown that configuration process data what makes a given DGVM unique within family The variety available climatic forcing datasets introduces uncertainty into simulations variables. proposed...
Abstract. Injection of aerosol particles (or their precursors) into the stratosphere to scatter solar radiation back space has been suggested as a solar-radiation management scheme for mitigation global warming. TiO2 recently highlighted possible candidate particle because its high refractive index, but impact on stratospheric chemistry via heterogeneous reactions is yet unknown. In this work reaction airborne sub-micrometre with N2O5 investigated first time, at room temperature and...
Abstract A data insertion method, where a dispersion model is initialized from ash properties derived series of satellite observations, used to the 8 May 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic cloud which extended Iceland northern Spain. We also briefly discuss application this method April phase eruption and 2011 Grímsvötn eruption. An advantage that very little knowledge about itself required because some usual source parameters are not used. The may therefore be useful for remote volcanoes good...
Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala, regularly produces small vulcanian eruption plumes which rise to heights of up 2 km. A combined study using a novel UV camera coupled with classical analysis the fluid dynamics finite‐volume buoyant releases (thermals) has been used develop detection algorithm for ground‐based volcanic ash monitoring. Analysis plume shows that at behave as axisymmetric thermals, and this behaviour is consistent gas particle mixtures whose initial momentum dissipated by flow...
Airborne dust affects the Earth's energy balance — an impact that is measured in terms of implied change net radiation (or radiative forcing, W m -2 ) at top atmosphere. There remains considerable uncertainty magnitude and sign direct forcing by airborne under current climate. Much this stems from simplified assumptions about mineral dust-particle size, composition shape, which are applied remote sensing retrievals characteristics dust-cycle models. Improved estimates will require improved...
Volcanic degassing is a major contributor to the global sulphur dioxide (SO2) budget, characterized by quiescent emissions in lower troposphere with sporadic, spatially variable explosive eruptions into upper and stratosphere (UTLS). The volcanic input of SO2 atmosphere can be quantified using suite satellite-based instruments range orbits resolutions, resulting differing estimates extent concentration from eruptions. We compare near-coincident retrievals Moderate Resolution Imaging...
Abstract During volcanic crisis, effective risk mitigation requires that institutions and local people respond promptly to protect lives livelihoods. In this paper, we ask: over what timescales do explosive paroxysmal eruptions evolve? And how these relate those of people’s past responses? We explore questions by comparing evacuations for several recent events at Volcán de Fuego (Guatemala) identify lags in evacuation determine the drivers lags. use multiple geophysical datasets...