A5083537818- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geological formations and processes
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Risk Perception and Management
- Nuclear Issues and Defense
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Climate variability and models
- Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Marine and environmental studies
- Disaster Response and Management
- Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
- Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
University of Plymouth
2015-2024
University of East Anglia
2023
University of Bristol
2023
Montserrat Volcano Observatory
1997-2015
University of the West Indies
2010-2015
University of the West
2013-2014
University of the West Indies System
2013
Coventry University
2005-2012
University of Bedfordshire
1991-2002
University College London
1995-1999
Dome growth at the Soufriere Hills volcano (1996 to 1998) was frequently accompanied by repetitive cycles of earthquakes, ground deformation, degassing, and explosive eruptions. The reflected unsteady conduit flow volatile-charged magma resulting from gas exsolution, rheological stiffening, pressurization. cycles, over hours days, initiated when degassed stiff retarded in upper conduit. Conduit pressure built with causing shallow seismicity edifice inflation. Magma were then expelled...
Abstract In 1997 Soufriére Hills Volcano on Montserrat produced 88 Vulcanian explosions: 13 between 4 and 12 August 75 22 September 21 October. Each episode was preceded by a large dome collapse that decompressed the conduit led to conditions for explosive fragmentation. The explosions, which occurred at intervals of 2.5 63 hours, with mean 10 were transient events, an initial high-intensity phase lasting few tens seconds lower-intensity, waning 1 3 hours. all but one explosion, fountain...
Abstract The 1995–present eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano on Montserrat has produced over a cubic kilometre andesitic magma, creating series lava domes that were successively destroyed, with much their mass deposited in the sea. There have been five phases extrusion to form these domes: November 1995–March 1998; 1999–July 2003; August 2005–April 2007; July 2008–January 2009; and October 2009–February 2010. It one most intensively studied volcanoes world during this time, there are long...
Abstract Activity since 1995 at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat has alternated between andesite lava extrusion and quiescence, which are well correlated with seismicity ground deformation cycles. Large variations in SO 2 flux do not correlate these alternations, but high low HCl/SO characterize dome quiescent periods respectively. Since ceased (February 2010) steady emissions have continued an average rate of 374 tonnes/day (± 140 t/d), incandescent fumaroles (temperatures up to...
Abstract A critical challenge during volcanic emergencies is responding to rapid changes in eruptive behaviour. Actionable advice, essential times of rising uncertainty, demands the synthesis and communication multiple datasets with prognoses. The 2020–2021 eruption La Soufrière volcano exemplifies these challenges: a series explosions from 9–22 April 2021 was preceded by three months effusive activity, which commenced remarkably low level detected unrest. Here we show how development an...
Numerous pyroclastic flows were produced during 1996–97 by collapse of the growing andesitic lava dome at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Measured deposit volumes from these range 0.2 to 9 × 10 6 m³. Flows discrete, single pulse events sustained large scale events. entered sea on eastern and southern coasts, depositing fans material coast. Small runout distance (<1 km) had average flow front velocities in order 3–10 m/s while fronts larger (up 6.5 advanced 15–30 m/s. Many locally...
abstract Pyroclastic flows were formed at Soufrière Hills Volcano by lava-dome collapse and fountain associated with Vulcanian explosions. Major episodes of dome collapse, lasting tens minutes to a few hours, followed escalating patterns progressively larger longer runouts. Block-and-ash flow deposit volumes range from <0.1 25 x 10 6 m 3 runouts 1-7 km. The coarse-grained block-and-ash deposits, fine-grained pyroclastic surge deposits ashfall deposits. Small commonly lobate channelized...
The Soufriere Hills Volcano on Montserrat has produced avalanche‐like pyroclastic flows formed by collapse of the unstable lava dome or explosive activity. Pyroclastic associated with generate overlying dilute surges which detach from and travel beyond their parent flows. largest partially transform rapid sedimentation into dense secondary that pose significant hazards to distal areas. Different kinds density currents display contrasting mobilities indicated ratios total height fall H ,...
From November 1995 to December 1997 a total volume of 246 × 10 6 (DRE) m³ andesite magma erupted, partitioned into 93 the dome, 125 pyroclastic flow deposits and 28 explosive ejecta. In first 11 weeks discharge rate was low (0.5 m³/s). February 1996 May rates have averaged 2.1 m³/s, but fluctuated significantly increased with time. Three pulses lasting few months can be recognised reaching 3 8 m³/s. Short term pulsations in growth days reach over m³/s there are periods when dome is < 0.5...
Abstract Sixteen years have passed since the last global volcanic event and more than 25 a catastrophe that killed tens of thousands. In this time, volcanology has seen major advances in understanding, modelling predicting hazards and, recently, an interest techniques for reducing mitigating risk. This paper provides synthesis literature relating to aspect, specifically communication risk, with view highlighting areas future research into encouraging risk-reducing behaviour. Evidence...
Vulcanian explosions are one of the most common types volcanic activity observed at silicic volcanoes. Magma ascent rates often invoked as being fundamental control on their explosivity, yet this factor is poorly constrained for low magnitude end-member explosions, which particularly understood, partly due to rarity ash samples and gas fluxes. We describe generated by small Volcán de Colima in 2013, where we document first time marked differences vesicularity, crystal characteristics (volume...
Globalisation supports the clustering of critical infrastructure systems, sometimes in proximity to lower-magnitude (VEI 3–6) volcanic centres. In this emerging risk landscape, moderate eruptions might have cascading, catastrophic effects. Risk assessments ought be considered light.
On 17 September 1996 the Soufriere Hills Volcano started a 9 hour period of dome collapse involving 11.7 × 10 6 m³ (DRE) lava. After 2.5 hours quiescence sustained explosive eruption began. Estimated parameters are: plume height at least 11.3 km and maximum 15 km; 180 m/s for launch velocities ballistic clasts; peak explosion pressure 27.5 MPa; magma water contents 2.5–5%; discharge rates from 2300 to 4300 m³/s; ejecta volume 3.2 (± 0.9) (DRE). Ejecta consists pumice (ρ =1160 kg/m³), higher...
Abstract Gravitational collapses of the lava dome at Soufrière Hills Volcano on 25 June and 26 December 1997 generated pyroclastic surges that spread out over broad sectors landscape laid down thin, bipartite deposits. In each case, part settling material continued to move upon reaching ground drained into valleys as high-concentration granular flows hot (120-410°C) ash lapilli. These surge-derived travelled no more than 10 m s -1 but extended significantly beyond limits parent surge clouds...
Since 2000, a network of volunteers known as vigías has been engaged in community-based volcano monitoring, which involves local citizens the collection scientific data, around volcán Tungurahua, Ecuador. This paper provides first detailed description and analysis this well-established initiative, drawing implications for volcanic risk reduction elsewhere. Based on 32 semi-structured interviews other qualitative data collected June July 2013 with institutional actors themselves, documents...
Abstract. This paper presents the findings from a study aimed at understanding whether video games (or serious games) can be effective in enhancing volcanic hazard education and communication. Using eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent, we have developed game – Vincent's Volcano for use existing volcano outreach sessions. Its twin aims are to improve residents' knowledge potential future eruptive hazards (ash fall, pyroclastic flows lahars) integrate traditional methods more interactive...