A5003501646- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Climate variability and models
- Laser Design and Applications
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
- Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Lightning and Electromagnetic Phenomena
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Optical Network Technologies
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
National Research Council
2010-2025
National Institute of Optics
2015-2025
Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdés"
2023-2024
Quantum Science and Technology in Arcetri
2023
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
2010
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2009
International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies
2006-2007
University of Florence
1998-2005
Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia
1999-2002
Single-photon-added coherent states are the result of most elementary amplification process classical light fields by a single quantum excitation. Being intermediate between single-photon Fock state (fully quantum-mechanical) and (classical) one, these offer opportunity to closely follow smooth transition particle-like wavelike behavior light. We report experimental generation single-photon-added their complete characterization tomography. Besides visualizing evolution quantum-to-classical...
When a single quantum of electromagnetic field excitation is added to the same spatiotemporal mode coherent state, new state generated that exhibits intermediate properties between those two parents. Such single-photon-added obtained by action photon creation operator on and can thus be regarded as result most elementary process classical light field. Here we present describe in depth experimental realization such states their complete analysis means novel ultrafast, time-domain, homodyne...
Abstract. Variations in the mixing ratio of trace gases tropospheric origin entering stratosphere tropics are interest for assessing both troposphere to transport fluxes and impact these on composition tropical lower stratosphere. Anomaly patterns carbon monoxide (CO) long-lived tracers allow conclusions about rate variability upwelling be drawn. Here, we present a simplified chemistry scheme Chemical Lagrangian Model Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulation, at comparatively low numerical cost, CO,...
A compact widely-tunable fiber-coupled sensor for trace gas detection of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the mid infrared is reported. The based on an external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) tunable between 7.6 and 8.3 μm wavelengths coupled into a single-mode hollow-core waveguide. Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy has been selected as detecting technique. fiber coupling system converts astigmatic beam exiting TEM(00) mode. During full scan, we observed no misalignment optical...
Abstract. The StratoClim stratospheric aircraft campaign took place in summer 2017 Nepal (27 July–10 August) and provided for the first time a wide dataset of observations air composition inside Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA). In framework this project, with purpose modelling injection pollutants natural compounds into stratosphere, we performed series diffusive back trajectory runs along flights' tracks. availability situ measurements trace gases has been exploited to evaluate capability...
Deep convection in the Asian summer monsoon is a significant transport process for lifting pollutants from planetary boundary layer to tropopause level. This enables efficient injection into stratosphere of reactive species such as chlorinated very short-lived substances (Cl-VSLSs) that deplete ozone. Past studies convective associated with have focused mostly on south monsoon. Airborne observations reported this work identify East an effective pathway carried record-breaking levels...
Abstract Refractory black carbon (rBC) is a primary aerosol species, produced through incomplete combustion, that absorbs sunlight and contributes to positive radiative forcing. The overall climate effect of rBC depends on its spatial distribution atmospheric lifetime, both which are impacted by the efficiency with transported or removed convective systems. These processes poorly constrained observations. It especially interesting investigate transport Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) since this...
Abstract. During the second part of TROCCINOX campaign that took place in Brazil early 2005, chemical species were measured on-board high-altitude research aircraft Geophysica (ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) altitude range up to 20 km (or 450 K potential temperature), i.e. spanning entire TTL region roughly extending between 350 420 K. Here, analysis transport across is performed using a new version Chemical Lagrangian Model Stratosphere (CLaMS). In this version, stratospheric...
A single-photon Fock state has been generated by means of conditional preparation from a two-photon emitted in the process spontaneous parametric down-conversion. recently developed high-frequency homodyne tomography technique used to completely characterize pulse-to-pulse analysis detectors' difference photocurrent. The density matrix elements have retrieved with final detection efficiency about 57%. comparison performed between phase-averaged tomographic reconstructions Wigner function as...
Abstract. The international research project RECONCILE has addressed central questions regarding polar ozone depletion, with the objective to quantify some of most relevant yet still uncertain physical and chemical processes thereby improve prognostic modelling capabilities realistically predict response layer climate change. This overview paper outlines scope general approach RECONCILE, it provides a summary observations in 2010 2011 that have generated an many respects unprecedented...
Abstract. New particle formation (NPF), which generates nucleation mode aerosol, was observed in the tropical Upper Troposphere (UT) and Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) by situ airborne measurements over South America (January–March 2005), Australia (November–December West Africa (August 2006) Central (2004–2007). Particularly intense NPF found at bottom of TTL. Measurements with a set condensation counters (CPCs) different dp50 (50% lower size detection efficiency diameter or "cut-off...
Abstract. Processes occurring in the tropical upper troposphere (UT), Tropical Transition Layer (TTL), and lower stratosphere (LS) are of importance for global climate, stratospheric dynamics air chemistry, their influence on distribution water vapour, trace gases aerosols. In this contribution we present aerosol gas (in-situ) measurements from UT/LS over Southern Brazil, Northern Australia, West Africa. The instruments were operated board Russian high altitude research aircraft M-55...
Abstract. In situ measurements of ice crystal size distributions in tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) clouds were performed during the SCOUT-AMMA campaign over West Africa August 2006. The cloud properties measured with a Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP-100) and Cloud Imaging (CIP) operated aboard Russian high altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica mission base Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A total 117 particle obtained from vicinity Mesoscale Convective...
Abstract. A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July 25 August 2006, in the frame of concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period SCOUT-O3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling upper troposphere lower stratosphere, high-altitude research M55 Geophysica was deployed Ouagadougou (12.3° N, 1.7° W), Burkina Faso, conjunction with German D-20 Falcon, while a series stratospheric sonde flights were...
Recent theoretical and experimental efforts have shown the remarkable counterintuitive role of noise in enhancing transport efficiency complex systems. Here, we realize simple, scalable, controllable optical fiber cavity networks that allow us to analyze performance for different conditions interference, dephasing, disorder. In particular, experimentally demonstrate reaches a maximum when varying external dephasing noise, i.e., bell-like shape behavior had been predicted only theoretically....
Abstract. During the monsoon season of year 2017 airborne StratoClim mission took place in Kathmandu, Nepal, with eight flights M-55 Geophysica upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) Asian anticyclone (AMA) over northern India, and Bangladesh. More than 100 events new particle formation (NPF) were observed. In total, more 2 h flight time was spent under NPF conditions as indicated by abundant presence nucleation-mode aerosols, i.e. diameters dp smaller 15 nm, which detected situ means...
Abstract. The tropical transport processes of 14 different models or model versions were compared, within the framework SCOUT-O3 (Stratospheric-Climate Links with Emphasis on Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) project. tested range from regional to global scale, include numerical weather prediction (NWP), chemical transport, chemistry-climate models. Idealised tracers used in order prevent model's chemistry schemes influencing results substantially, so that effects modelled could be...
Abstract. In this study we examine the simulated downward transport and mixing of stratospheric air into upper tropical troposphere as observed on a research flight during SCOUT-O3 campaign in connection with deep convective system. We use Advanced Research Weather Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model horizontal resolution 333 m to transport. The simulation reproduces system, its timing overshooting altitudes reasonably well compared radar aircraft observations. Passive tracers initialised at...
Laser–plasma interaction (LPI) at intensities $10^{15}{-}10^{16}~\text{W}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$ is dominated by parametric instabilities which can be responsible for a significant amount of non-collisional absorption and generate large fluxes high-energy nonthermal electrons. Such regime paramount importance inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in particular the shock ignition scheme. In this paper we report on an experiment carried out Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) facility to investigate...
We performed helicopter-borne optical MultiGAS measurements of volcanic gas emissions from Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, revealing distinct spikes in SO 2 and HCl concentrations within a larger CO -rich plume. Acid-rich concentration matched the distribution high-temperature fumaroles, whereas is emitted broadly high- low-temperature fumaroles. The flux was 15 to 41 kilograms per second hot fumaroles 61 131 for overall typical calculation multiplying /SO ratio with underestimates...
Abstract. During the SCOUT-O3/ACTIVE field phase in November–December 2005, airborne situ measurements were performed inside and vicinity of thunderstorms over northern Australia with several research aircraft (German Falcon, Russian M55 Geophysica, British Dornier-228. Here a case study from 19 November is presented detail on basis trace gas (NO, NOy, CO, O3) stroke German LIghtning Location NETwork (LINET), set up Darwin during campaign. The anvil outflow three different types was probed...
Trace gas concentration measurements in the stratosphere and troposphere are critically required as inputs to constrain climate models. For this purpose, measurement campaigns on stratospheric aircraft balloons being carried out all over world, each one involving sensors which tailored for specific environmental conditions. This paper describes an automated, portable, mid-infrared quantum cascade laser spectrometer, situ carbon monoxide mixing ratio troposphere. The instrument was designed...
Abstract. The Far-Infrared Radiation Mobile Observation System (FIRMOS) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer developed to support the Far-infrared Outgoing Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) satellite mission by validating measurement methods instrument design concepts, both in laboratory field campaigns. FIRMOS capable of measuring downwelling spectral radiance emitted atmosphere band from 100 1000 cm−1 (10–100 µm wavelength), with maximum resolution 0.25 cm−1. We describe its...