A5026240764- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Climate variability and models
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Research Data Management Practices
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Environmental and Agricultural Sciences
- Recommender Systems and Techniques
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Agricultural risk and resilience
- Data Quality and Management
- Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
2007-2021
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
1997
Utrecht University
1997
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics
1997
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
1996
The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from surface to an altitude 15 kilometers. In boundary layer, standards are exceeded throughout region, caused by West and East European north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration surface, which can suppress precipitation. middle troposphere, Asian a lesser extent North American is transported west. Additional east, monsoon upper crosses tropopause, pollutes lower...
This paper provides a review of stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE), with focus on processes in the extratropics. It also addresses relevance STE for tropospheric chemistry, particularly its influence oxidative capacity troposphere. After summarizing current state knowledge, objectives project Influence Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange Changing Climate Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity (STACCATO), recently funded by European Union, are outlined. Several papers this Journal...
A simple four‐dimensional assimilation technique, called Newtonian relaxation, has been applied to the Hamburg climate model (ECHAM), enable comparison of output with observations for short periods time. The prognostic variables vorticity, divergence, temperature, and surface pressure have relaxed toward European Center Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global meteorological analyses. Several experiments carried out, in which values relaxation coefficients varied find out are most...
Abstract Quantitative approaches to climate risk management such as mapping or impact modelling rely on past meteorological data with daily sub‐daily resolution, a large fraction of which have not yet been digitized. Over the last decade so, number projects contributed rescue some these data. Here we provide summary survey undertaken several and projects, in order identify needs services. To make efforts more sustainable, additional integrated activities are needed. We argue that must be...
We present an analysis of trace gas correlations in the lowermost stratosphere. In‐situ aircraft measurements CO, N 2 O, NO y and O 3 , obtained during STREAM 1997 winter campaign, have been used to investigate role cross‐tropopause mass exchange on tracer‐tracer relations. At altitudes several kilometers above local tropopause, undisturbed stratospheric air was found with /NO * ratios close unity, /O about 0.003–0.006 CO mixing as low 20 ppbv (NO is a proxy for total reactive nitrogen...
Abstract Three‐dimensional ECMWF first‐guess wind fields at different horizontal (2.5° to 0.5°) and temporal (6h–3h) resolutions are used investigate the sensitivity of five‐day backward trajectories, computed with KNMI trajectory model, resolution data. This sensitivity, which is a measure for accuracy investigated two sets trajectories: (a) set starting in small‐scale flow pattern tropopause fold occurring over De Bilt (52° N, 5° E) on 1 November 1994; (b) large‐scale outside this folding...
Abstract. On 22 August 2001 a measurement flight was performed with the German research aircraft FALCON from Sardinia to Crete as part of Mediterranean Oxidant Study (MINOS). Cruising at 8.2 km, forced climb 11.2 km over southern tip Italy stay clear anvil large cumulonimbus tower. During ascent into lowermost stratosphere in-situ measurements onboard indicated several sharp increases in concentrations tropospheric trace gases, e.g. CO, acetone, methanol, benzene and acetonitrile, above...
Abstract. A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July 25 August 2006, in the frame of concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period SCOUT-O3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling upper troposphere lower stratosphere, high-altitude research M55 Geophysica was deployed Ouagadougou (12.3° N, 1.7° W), Burkina Faso, conjunction with German D-20 Falcon, while a series stratospheric sonde flights were...
During the EU‐project Influence of Stratosphere‐Troposphere exchange in a Changing Climate on Atmospheric Transport and Oxidation Capacity (STACCATO), combined approach measurement network numerical simulations was used to estimate strength frequency stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) events their influence tropospheric chemistry. Measurements surface ozone, beryllium‐7, beryllium‐10 concentrations meteorological parameters at four European high mountain stations, as well...
The study of infrasound is experiencing a renaissance since it was chosen as verification technique for the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty. success strongly depends on knowledge upper atmospheric processes. ability to probe atmosphere starts be exploited, taking field beyond its monitoring application. Processes in stratosphere couple troposphere and influence our daily weather climate. Infrasound delivers actual observations state with high spatial temporal resolution. Here we show...
Abstract. An aircraft measurement campaign involving the Russian high-altitude M55 Geophysica and German DLR Falcon was conducted in Darwin, Australia November December 2005 as part of European integrated project SCOUT-O3. The overall objectives were to study transport trace gases through tropical tropopause layer (TTL), mechanisms dehydration close tropopause, role deep convection these processes. In this paper a detailed roadmap is presented, including rationales for each flight, an...
This paper presents one of the first extensive intercomparisons models and methods used for estimating stratosphere‐troposphere exchange (STE). The study is part European Union project Influence Stratosphere Troposphere Exchange in a Changing Climate on Atmospheric Transport Oxidation Capacity (STACCATO). Nine different methods, including three trajectory Eulerian method, two Lagrangian transport model, general circulation applied same initialization. Stratospheric tropospheric tracers have...
Abstract. The age of stratospheric air is computed with a trajectory model, using ECMWF ERA-40 3D-Var and operational 4D-Var winds. Analysis as well forecast data are used. In the latter case successive segments put together to get time series wind fields. This done for different segment lengths. sensitivity length assimilation method studied, results compared observations from chemistry transport model that uses same sets. A large number backward trajectories started in stratosphere,...
In the troposphere, anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide cause large‐scale photochemical build up ozone. stratosphere breakdown halocarbons damages ozone layer. extratropics a transition region between these air layers occurs, lowermost (below 12–14 km', in which about half current subsonic traffic takes place. Here, we report aircraft measurements HNO 3 , O CO over western Europe July 1994 (5 flights several hours during 10‐day period', at...
Simultaneous in situ measurements of NO y , HNO 3 O N 2 O, and CO have been performed the lower stratosphere during Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) II intensive winter campaign February 1995 from Kiruna airport (northern Sweden) with a Cessna Citation twinjet aircraft up to maximum altitude 12.8 km. The flights were coordinated Arctic Second European Stratospheric Midlatitude (SESAME) campaign. Strongly elevated levels total reactive nitrogen (NO ) its...
We report aircraft measurements from the Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiments by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) II campaign, performed during February 1995 Kiruna, northern Sweden, near 67°N latitude. have measured trace species, e.g., O 3 , nitrogen compounds, HCl, hydrocarbons, CO, ice particles, and aerosols, to characterize chemical conditions of lowermost stratosphere at altitudes up ∼12.5 km. From observation anomalously high CO/C 2 H 6 ratios, caused enhanced C breakdown, we derive...
Abstract The upward and downward mass fluxes of air across the tropopause, defined as 3.5 potential vorticity unit (PVU) surface, are diagnosed for extratropical northern hemisphere, using high spatial temporal resolution (0.5° latitude longitude, 31 levels, 3‐hourly) circulation data January 1994 from European Centre Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. net cross‐tropopause transport is 0.35 × 10 17 kg (downward) area north 28°N. This smaller than that 2.5 1.5 PVU surfaces, larger ‘downward...
Extensive measurements of gaseous nitric acid (HNO 3 ) have been performed in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using aircraft‐based ion‐molecule reaction mass spectrometry (IMRMS). The measurements, which took place summer winter between November 1994 July 1996, cover latitudes 29°N 57°N altitudes 5.5 13 km. According to meteorological analyses, potential vorticity values up 9.5 PVU (1 = 10 −6 m 2 s −1 K kg were reached. Stratospheric HNO mixing ratios ranged 300 2200 parts per...
During the July 1998 Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiments by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) intensive campaign, eight measurement flights were conducted from Timmins airport (Ontario, Canada, 48.2°N, 79.3°W). In situ measurements of ozone, carbon monoxide, dioxide, and nonmethane hydrocarbons, as well three‐dimensional back trajectories based on European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts wind field analyses, are used to characterize upper tropospheric air masses with respect their...
A three‐dimensional chemistry‐transport model has been used to investigate N 2 O and 3 distributions in the lowermost stratosphere at middle high latitudes Northern Hemisphere. The results are compared with detailed situ aircraft observations, performed winters of 1994–1995 1996–1997 spring 1996, as part Stratosphere Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) II III. In addition, observations earlier winter 1997 during Polar Stratospheric Aerosol (POLSTAR) I mission have...
Abstract The skill of stratospheric and tropospheric predictors in predicting near-surface quantities at the extended range (∼10 days–2 months) has been investigated, using 40 yr reanalysis data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. are 1) geopotential height (Z) various levels, 2) difference between Z 1000-hPa [Z − Z(1000)], 3) temperature levels. averages over area north 65°N. predictands Z(1000) averaged same geographical fields several quantities. predictive...
High quality and well-managed climate data are the cornerstone of all services. Consistently assessing how well managed is one way to establish or demonstrate trustworthiness data. This paper presents World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Stewardship Maturity Matrix for Climate Data (SMM-CD) subsidiary SMM-CD National Regional Purposes (SMM-CD_NRP). Both these matrices have been developed with support WMO its High-Quality Global Management Framework (HQ-GDMFC). These self-assessment...
The generation of available potential energy (APE) in the atmosphere according to Lorenz’ (1955a, b) exact and approximate equations is investigated space-time domain. determined from fields diabatic heating temperature. evaluated by residual method, using 4 × daily ECMWF-(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) initialised analyses January months 1986—1992 July 1985—1991. contributions different parts are investigated, differences between these explained. In derivation equation...