Abstract: To date, there have been no prospective long‐term studies of melatonin therapy in children. We report here data from a follow‐up study 44 children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and treatment‐resistant circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) who had participated placebo controlled, double blind cross‐over trial sustained‐release melatonin. The involved structured telephone interview caregivers every 3 months for upto 3.8 yr. provided ratings satisfaction, adverse effects,...

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children with osteopenia or osteoporosis evaluate relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin levels bone parameters, including mineral density. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Serum D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin parathyroid hormone, other markers, as well density, were obtained for 85 pediatric patients primary (caused by osteogenesis imperfecta juvenile idiopathic osteoporosis) secondary...

To review pharmacokinetics in obese children and to provide medication dosing recommendations.EMBASE, MEDLINE, AND INTERNATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL ABSTRACTS DATABASES WERE SEARCHED USING THE FOLLOWING TERMS: obesity, morbid overweight, pharmacokinetics, drug, dose, kidney function test, creatinine, pediatric, child.We identified 10 studies which the authors examined drug or for children. No information was found absorption metabolism. Obese have a higher percent fat mass lower lean compared...

<h3>Background:</h3> Identifying adverse events and near misses is essential to improving safety in the health care system. Patients are capable of reliably identifying reporting events. The effect a patient system used by families pediatric inpatients on providers has not previously been investigated. <h3>Methods:</h3> Between Nov. 1, 2008, 30, 2009, children discharged from single ward British Columbia's Children's Hospital were asked respond questionnaire about during hospital stay. Rates...

Background Tacrolimus is administered via a continuous or intermittent IV infusion to prevent acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Limited comparison data available. Objectives The primary objective was compare the proportion of therapeutic tacrolimus trough levels first 30 days post-stem infusion. Secondary outcomes were prevalence aGvHD, intra-patient variability (IPV) and safety. Study Design This retrospective cohort...

Extravasation, the inadvertent leakage of intravenous (IV) medication from vein into surrounding tissue, is a iatrogenic cause patient injury. Extravasation has been reported to occur in 0.1% 6.5% hospital inpatients. The incidence may be higher among children because they have multiple risk factors, including small and fragile veins, decreased peripheral circulation, capillary leakage, flexible subcutaneous tissue.To describe extravasation at pediatric tertiary care hospital, identify...

Background: Critically ill children require sedation for comfort and to facilitate mechanical ventilation interventions. Dexmedetomidine is a newer sedative with little safety data in pediatrics, particularly therapy lasting longer than 48 h.Objective: To quantify the frequency of adverse events withdrawal syndromes associated dexmedetomidine describe use this drug continuous critically children.Methods: In retrospective study patients who received pediatric intensive care unit, were...

BACKGROUND Benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use for acute management of agitation aggression in the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting has not been well described. OBJECTIVES To describe medication utilization a ED to assess safety their use. METHODS This was retrospective observational study. Patients less than 20 years age who presented our had or as part chief complaint were included if they received at least 1 dose benzodiazepine antipsychotic. Outcomes frequency use, dosing...

Background: La Crosse viral encephalitis (LACVE) is associated with residual epilepsy and neurocognitive deficits in survivors. This report summarizes 3 phases of clinical studies children treated intravenous (IV) ribavirin (RBV), each one exploring a different phase (I, IIA, IIB) trial development. Methods: In I, 7 life-threatening LACVE were emergency use RBV using moderate IV dose (8.33 mg/kg/dose q 8 hours day 1, 5 days 2–10). 12 severe enrolled: (same as I) 4 placebo. IIB an escalated...

BACKGROUND: The involvement of Canadian critical care pharmacists in clinical research is not well documented. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience pharmacists, their views about research, and identify factors that facilitate research. METHODS: A cross-sectional electronic survey was developed through an iterative process conducted from July to October 2010. We invited 325 129 hospitals across Canada participate. Surveys with more than 30% questions unanswered were discarded. RESULTS:...

What is known and objective: There still surprisingly little basic research data to support widely repeated claims about the prevalence of drug counterfeiting. To meet need for more reliable quality data, we designed a study framework that includes clear definitions measured end points, sampling methods assay technique. Our objective was test this design in Chennai (formerly Madras), India, using joint Indian Canadian team. Methods: The city divided into ten areas along municipal lines. From...

Opioids are commonly administered to critically ill children for analgesia and sedation, but many patients experience opioid withdrawal upon discontinuation. The authors' institution developed a protocol using methadone prevent in who have received morphine by continuous IV infusion 5 days or longer the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).The primary objectives were determine if opioids tapered according conversion ratio oral that was used. Secondary describe dosage used clinical outcomes,...

Objectives: To compare recovery times from neuromuscular blockade between two groups of critically ill patients in whom pancuronium was administered by continuous infusion or intermittent bolus injection. the mean requirements (milligrams per kilogram hour) and to assess incidence prolonged (>12 hrs) residual muscle weakness. Design: Prospective, observational cohort. Setting: Intensive care unit a university-affiliated hospital. Patients: A total 30 mechanically ventilated who required...

OBJECTIVES This study aims to describe the effectiveness of low initial alprostadil dosages maintain a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease (DDCHD). Secondary objectives were any adverse drug events, prescribing trends, diameter changes, and compare safety efficacy very dosage regimens. METHODS retrospective observational cohort at British Columbia’s Women’s Children’s Hospital neonatal intensive care unit pediatric examined neonates...

There is some evidence that administration of vancomycin by continuous infusion has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages over traditional intermittent dosing. Whether these translate into clinical efficacy remains controversial.To review the literature comparing conventional IV dosing in terms safety.A search was conducted PubMed/MEDLINE Embase databases Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, means Google engine, reference lists pertinent articles were searched manually. All...