Molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to investigate the effect of molecular polydispersity on aggregation asphaltene. To make large combinatorial space possible asphaltene blends accessible a systematic study via simulation, an upfront unsupervised machine-learning approach (clustering) was identify reduced set model molecules representative diversity For these molecules, single shown broad range behaviors, driven by their structural features: size aromatic core, length...

Abstract Halite scale has long been a challenge in the oil and gas industry. In recent years there marked increase occurrence of this type due to increased development hotter deeper condensate fields. As formation is commonly downhole production tubing, it identify mitigate, so non- conventional approach be taken for removal control. Furthermore, very difficult replicate laboratory with complex specific equipment being utilized field observations. This paper provides review several examples...

Abstract Iron sulfide scale can be relatively common-place in maturing oil wells and produced water handling systems. also commonly formed as a corrosion product, due to sour resulting from H2S containing fluids being processed through carbon steel tubulars. As more production is brought on-stream iron continues become prevalent. There are few options for removing deposits of scales especially when it comes choice chemistry. This paper discusses the most performed techniques removal,...

Abstract Iron sulfide scale is prevalent in the industry and its chemical prevention an area of recent focus by several research groups. There are very few examples where true inhibitor chemistry has been effective at controlling scale, rather stoichiometric amounts chelating agents required. Partial inhibition achieved using classic species such as phosphonates or maleic acid sulfonated copolymers. Efficacy these inhibitors against poor often uneconomically high concentrations This paper...

Abstract Flowback aids have been long reported in the literature as being beneficial to enhance clean-up after stimulation treatments, and particular hydraulic fracturing. The goal is for flowback allow piston like return of fluids from reservoir resulting minimal losses formation no memory effect that hampers back production. Microemulsions also a review (including patent landscape) creates somewhat myth around their exact mechanism performance benefit application. present work was...

Hexa-1,3,5-hydrotriazines form the main product class used for chemical hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavenging. The reaction mechanism between these triazine species and H2S is discussed in detail with emphasis laid upon products their fate. paper goes on to then describe a novel method of oxidative dissolution products, including full analysis resultant mechanistic postulation. single monoethanolamine (MEA)-triazine (1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-s-triazine) has been repeatedly found by...

When hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas is produced from oil reservoirs, it leads to a number of well-known problems relating both metal corrosion and health safety. Up certain concentration (∼1000s ppm in the phase) H2S can be removed by adding chemical "scavenger" system, which reacts with form less harmful byproducts. A range different species have been applied as scavengers petroleum production systems, operating through either oxidative or nonoxidative mechanisms; former group includes such...

Summary This paper reports a challenging and unique scale-forming environment in northern Alberta, Canada. Calcite was forming on the fire tubes series of treaters. Bulk fluid temperature 110°C, but skin excess 450°C. created an extremely high scaling potential. The provides background field case history with detailed description process environment. An in-depth scale-modeling study characterizing up to 200°C is provided. Further laboratory studies are reported, including performance testing...

Abstract Production in East Texas has a long and rich history both liquid gas plays. This paper concerns wet production the Fairfield, TX area unique challenge that was overcome by collaboration between operator service company. The application question spans many wells Central where common of with associated corrosive fluids led to significant deposition iron sulfide scale tubing. details creating single chemistry not only can successfully deliquify when pumped on continuous basis but also...

Abstract Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (I) (more commonly referred to as MEA-triazine) and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trimethyl-s-triazine (II) MMA-triazine) are the most ubiquitous triazine based scavengers in today’s oil gas processing industry. is very substantially more prevalent than despite having several well characterized drawbacks. Perhaps problematic recognized of these propensity for single byproduct, 5-hydroxyethyldithiazine (V), undergo further reaction with H2S ultimately...

Abstract This paper reports further work performed on a challenging scaling environment in Alberta. Scale was forming the fire tubes of series heater treaters. Bulk fluid temperature 110°C but skin excess 450°C. created an incredibly high potential. Previous characterized tubes. is briefly summarized with update given continued success this treatment, best practice monitoring results, and optimization. current describes investigation system challenge. It found that solving calcite scaling,...

Abstract As the oil and gas industry strives to replace ageing, environmentally undesirable scale inhibitors there is an ever increasing use of polymeric inhibitors. Incorporation phosphorus functionality into a polymer backbone has been shown improve inhibition efficiency, enhance adsorption characteristics allow concentration be analysed by elemental phosphorus. It known that some tagged polymers can problematic analyse in field brines as they typically have low content which difficult...

The dissociation process of spherical sII mixed methane–propane hydrate particles in liquid hydrocarbon was investigated <italic>via</italic> microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations.

Abstract Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (MEA-triazine) is by far the most ubiquitous H2S scavenger used globally and occupies at least 80% of available oilfield market. While almost perfect in terms kinetics uptake, this product does suffer from a number undesirable effects which are usually tolerated or managed various engineering modifications. For example, pH elevation causes scaling issues, deposition intractable polymeric solids increased ethanolamine load crudes...

Using both computational and experimental methods, the capacity of four different surfactant molecules to inhibit agglomeration sII hydrate particles was assessed. The simulations were carried out using steered non-steered molecular dynamics (MD), simulating coalescence process a slab water droplet, covered with molecules. surfactants ranked according free energy calculations (steered MD) number events (non-steered MD). work based on rocking cell measurements, determining minimum effective...

Sulfate minerals commonly form in the oilfield environment due to secondary recovery operations. Two essential tools for identification of these are Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. In this paper, a comprehensive database FT-IR spectra has been composed. The symmetry sulfate tetrahedra various molecules assigned from observation vibrational degeneracy. Force constant calculations show that cation mass polarizability dominant influences upon symmetry. Studies peak...

Abstract Batch corrosion inhibition has been a technique used for many decades. Often, non-structured philosophy is taken to treat downhole production tubing and pipelines using batch treatment. This results in non-optimal chemistries application parameters being employed, resulting dubious protection provided as part of an integrity management strategy. Many the challenges come down different types evaluation techniques laboratory inhibitors. Furthermore, accurate modeling inhibitor not...

Asphaltenes represent the most polar solubility fraction of crude oil. The polar-polar interactions between asphaltene-water, asphaltene-clay, or asphaltene-asphaltene molecules can cause severe flow assurance issues in oilfield such as formation highly stable emulsion, pore-throat blockages within reservoir, and plugging production transportation flowlines. A novel approach understanding these through thermo-electric measurements is presented this study, which evaluate overall asphaltene...

Abstract The use of alkaline surfactant polymer flooding techniques is becoming more commonplace, particularly in projects where heavier and viscous crude oil produced. While the efficacy increasing recovery factors cannot be disputed, often there little consideration given to implications these EOR chemicals breaking through into producer wells entering produced water handling system. impact caused by chemical breakthrough can varied, but most commonly oil/water separation seriously...

Abstract The BP operated Miller field poses a unique chemical challenge as it has arguably the harshest oilfield scaling regime in North Sea, if not world. An average of 3-4 squeeze treatments per week are performed across online wells creating tremendous operational, and logistical challenges. This produces ideal environment to evaluate new technologies engineering solutions an attempt increase wells' overall efficiency. Deep downhole injection (DDHCI) was installed on well A26/08 brought...