Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen in severe and chronic manifestations of periodontal disease, which one the most common infections humans. A central feature P. pathogenicity dysregulation innate immunity at gingival epithelial interface, including suppression IL-8 production by cells. NF-κB transcriptional regulator that controls important aspects immune responses, RelA/p65 homodimers regulate transcription IL8. Phosphorylation p65 subunit protein on serine 536 residue affects...

Abstract Background Streptococcus gordonii is one of several species that can initiate the formation oral biofilms develop into complex multispecies microbial communities referred to as dental plaque. It in context plaque periodontal pathogens such Porphyromonas gingivalis cause disease. We have previously reported a whole cell quantitative proteomics investigation P. model community S. , and Fusobacterium nucleatum . Here we report adaptation same model. Results 1122 proteins were detected...

Abstract Interspecies communication between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii underlies the development of synergistic dual species communities. Contact with S. initiates signal transduction within P. that is based on protein tyrosine (de)phosphorylation. In this study, we characterize a bacterial ( BY ) kinase (designated Ptk1) demonstrate its involvement in interspecies signaling. Ptk1 can utilize ATP for autophosphorylation dephosphorylated by phosphatase, Ltp1....

Vladimir Putin's United Russia and Nursultan Nazabayev's Nur Otan represent a distinctive type of dominant party due to their personalist nature dependence on presidential patrons. Such personalism deprives these parties the agency perform key roles in authoritarian reproduction typically expected parties, such as resource distribution, policy-making mobilizing mass support for regime. Instead have contributed consolidation by securing president's legislative agenda, stabilizing elites...

This research departs from conventional studies of citizen’s attitudes to parliament by utilising focus groups interrogate the incredibly low levels trust in Ukraine’s during Yanukovych and Poroshenko presidencies explores how far they are related exceptionally high disruptive protest chamber. Low is shaped primarily citizens’ concerns about corruption, particularly role FIGs deputies’ rapacious lawless behaviour (bezpredel). Disruptive protests were largely seen as inauthentic. was...

Abstract Conceptualising Russia as a neopatrimonial state directs attention to the patrimonial relations that pervaded formal institutions reveal increasing tensions within during Putin's presidency. A case study of parliamentary oversight practices points emergence legitimation their key purpose, but also growing contradictions between controlling and legitimating impulses regime. At same time deputies responded changes in status influence by moving resources towards sphere, most notably...

The institutionalization of factions in Ukraine's parliament has proceeded a patchy, uneven manner as consequence cross-cutting incentives created by the Constitution, lower order rules and actions president. Although became more organizationally complex disciplined, membership instability significantly undermined these developments so that remained weakly institutionalized. Despite this, came to exercise greater influence over parliamentary leadership legislative process, largely thanks...

By using state institutions to preserve his personal power, Kuchma harmed Ukraine’s extractive and decision-making capacities.

Abstract This study focuses on the impact of parliamentary parties committees' structure and activity in post-Soviet context. Through a case committees Ukraine's Rada, paper demonstrates that weak, fluid can act as barrier to efficacy by shaping their structure, leadership blocking ameliorating reforms. Although were formally allocated significant role law-making process, practice realisation this function was constrained also context wider institutional uncertainty. Acknowledgments research...

Ukraine’s ‘revolution of dignity’ late 2013 to early 2014 and its aftermath, which saw Russia’s annexation Crimea the outbreak war in Donbas, has prompted an enormous volume sch...

Protest performances inside parliament during 2012–2016 articulated claims to uphold democracy that contributed the maintenance of pluralism in Ukraine attempted authoritarian consolidation. Simultaneously, such protests were para-institutional instruments ongoing power struggle engendered by a patronal system where formal institutions and norms weakly constrained actors. A diverse repertoire protest, including rostrum-blocking, visual withdrawal, auditory disruption, somatic protest...

This article explores the phenomenon of culture wars in post-Soviet space. It provides an introduction to this special issue by addressing a series themes which deepen and more importantly complicate our understanding space, but also generally. The paper analyses: multifaceted nature wars, illustrating way these normative-based conflicts are complicated than typical binary reading suggest; religious dimension such cultural conflicts; multiple causal explanations for varied levels agency...