Abstract INTRODUCTION Educational attainment is associated with midlife cognitive functioning. However, degree the culmination of complex and unequal processes involving students’ backgrounds, opportunities that schools provide them, their performance within those schools─all which may also shape cognition. What do educational gradients in cognition look like using a richer conceptualization measures “education?” METHODS We use data from High School Beyond (HS&B:80)─a large, nationally...

Findings derived from self-reported, structured survey questionnaires are commonly used in evaluation and applied research to inform policy-making program decisions. Although there a variety of issues related the quality evidence (e.g., sampling precision), validity response processes–how respondents process thoughts perceptions when answering questionnaires–is crucial. We assess extent which cognitive interviews, test questions as part questionnaire design refinement, can strengthen for...

In evaluation and applied social research, focus groups may be used to gather different kinds of evidence (e.g., opinion, tacit knowledge). this article, we argue that making group design choices explicitly in relation the type required would enhance empirical value rigor associated with utilization. We offer a descriptive framework highlight contrasting characteristics they generate. present examples from education healthcare evaluations illustrate relationship between evidence, design, how...

The patch-clamp technique was used to examine the plasma membranes of sensitive yeast spheroplasts exposed partially purified killer toxin preparations. Asolectin liposomes in which incorporated were also examined. Excised inside-out patches from these preparations often revealed at 118 pS conductance appearing pairs. current through this flickered rapidly among three states: dwelling mostly unit-open state, less frequently two-unit-open and more rarely closed state. Membrane voltages -80 80...

Bayesian networks (BN) provide a convenient and intuitive framework for specifying complex joint probability distributions are thus well suited modeling content domains of educational assessments at diagnostic level. BN have been used extensively in the artificial intelligence community as student models intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) but received less attention among psychometricians. This critical review outlines existing research on assessment, providing an introduction to ITS...

This study is part of a large-scale project focused on 'Qatari students' Interest in, and Attitudes toward, Science' (QIAS). QIAS aimed to gauge Qatari student attitudes toward science in grades 3–12, examine factors that impact these attitudes, assess the relationship between prevailing modes teaching schools. report details development validation 'Arabic-Speaking Students' Science Survey' (ASSASS), which was specifically developed for purposes project. The theories reasoned action planned...

The suitability of mathematical models used to extract kinetic information from correlated data constitutes a significant issue in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Standard FCS equations are derived simple Gaussian approximation the optical detection volume, but some investigations have suggested this traditional practice can lead inaccurate and misleading conclusions under many experimental circumstances, particularly those encountered one-photon confocal measurements....

Single nanopore sensors enable capture and analysis of molecules that are driven to the pore entry from bulk solution. However, distance between an analyte opening limits detection efficiency. A theoretical basis for predicting particle rate is important designing modified sensors, especially those with covalently tethered reaction sites. Using finite element method, we develop a soft-walled electrostatic block (SWEB) model alpha-hemolysin channel produces vector map drift-producing forces...

Purpose Seeks to prove that studies conducted over the past several decades repeatedly indicate information‐seeking behavior by members of general public involves consultation a variety potential information sources, including libraries. Design/methodology/approach This article focuses on seeking with regard recreation activities in wilderness areas including, but not limited to, hiking. Findings The study results respondents do turn internet for some their needs. Web sites providing three...

Network data-transfer times in distributed simulation environments can be reduced by performing data analysis at the remote source, if analytical technique does not require entire set of once. This novel multi-tau autocorrelation algorithm allows time-domain records to processed discrete, segments and combined a later point time. The new approach agrees with results performed concatenating discrete before correlation, but it operates significantly shortened processing times. also benefits...

We present a nondestructive method to accurately characterize low analyte concentrations (0−10 molecules) in nanometer-scale lipid vesicles. Our approach is based on the application of fluorescence fluctuation analysis (FFA) and multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) conjunction with asymmetric field flow fractionation (AFFF) measure entrapment efficiency (the ratio concentration encapsulated dye initial bulk concentration) an ensemble liposomes average diameter less than 100 nm....

Purpose This paper aims to examine the use of WorldCat Collection Analysis tool and other measurements analyze strengths collections supporting doctoral programs in a Carnegie Class 1 research university order enhance budgetary support for these collections. Design/methodology/approach In 2006 Colorado State University (CSU) Libraries were asked assess library's 12 key discipline areas. Peer institutions selected permission was obtained access relevant statistics from their collection at...

When properly implemented, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) reveals numerous static and dynamic properties of molecules in solution. However, complications arise whenever the measurement scenario is complex. Specific limitations occur when detection region does not match ideal Gaussian geometry ubiquitously assumed by FCS theory, or multiple fluorescent species are assessed simultaneously. A simple binary solution diffusers, where both mole fraction diffusion constants sought, can...

This paper presents findings from a scale validation study of discussion engagement using data multiple in-person courses public flagship university in the United States. The Discussion Engagement conceptualizes as collective inquiry that requires an inclusive classroom climate and individual contributions promote others. measures behaviors experiences along four dimensions: skills, confidence, openness within discussions, perception climate. methodology included: conceptual development...

Randomised control trials (RCTs) can yield information about the effectiveness of agricultural extension and other development programmes, facilitating cost–benefit analyses policy decisions under resource constraints. However, even after RCT design questions have been settled, a number practical challenges to successful RCTs remain. As guide those interested in applying more extensively, we outline several ethical, organisational, field-based for RCTs, along with potential strategies...

Abstract Background Structural racism shapes educational quality by perpetuating unequal access to school resources, creating disproportionate exposure disciplinary actions, and limiting advanced courses among racially minoritized children. School is linked later life ADRD risk, but the benefit may vary across groups. We asked 1) whether same high social contexts academic resources predict midlife cognitive functioning race, ethnicity, gender, 2) how much could disparities in function be...

Abstract Single‐molecule detection and diffusion analysis via confocal fluorescence microscopy is a relatively simple inexpensive way to introduce students current topics in nanoscience nanotechnology. We have designed constructed microscope that useful for both laboratory exercises research investigations. In this article, we discuss three implementations of the within Chemistry Department. The first involves elementary open‐volume single‐molecule event recordings. second application...