China's urbanization has accelerated during the era of reform. While there been real progress in urbanization, process also skewed by several administrative measures designed to foster and economic growth. According a popular view, as many 70 per cent jurisdictions now come under rule urban governments. This must be an exaggeration given that parts China are still essentially rural. article examines three – turning prefectures into cities ( di gai shi ), counties xian districts qu ) have...

Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate clinical characteristics and possible associated factors of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) in children using univariate multivariate analyses. Study Design A retrospective case series with comparisons. Methods From January 2007 to December 2013, medical records 37 pediatric ISSNHL patients were reviewed assess recovery rate examine prognosis (gender; side loss; opposite treatment onset; presence vertigo, tinnitus, ear fullness; initial...

Spatial aspects of power have been relatively neglected in the field political science general, with notable exception federalism. Many argued that study has generally confined itself to national level and paid scant attention interactions between central government on one hand regional local authorities other. Several tendencies worked against flourishing research central-local relations last three decades. First, methodological terms, “behavioural revolution” swept discipline caused a...

OBJECTIVE To determine the significance of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in benign vocal mucosal lesions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A case‐control study at tertiary referral medical center. SUBJECTS METHODS From April 2003 to December 2006, we studied 110 patients with lesions who had undergone 24‐hour ambulatory double pH monitoring. The control group included 200 double‐probe monitoring due reflux‐related symptoms without specific findings Reflux symptom index and finding score were...

Budesonide nasal irrigation was introduced recently for postoperative management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The safety and therapeutic effectiveness this procedure is becoming accepted by many physicians. objective study to evaluate the efficacy steroid in rhinosinusitis asthma.This prospective involved 12 polyps asthma who received oral treatment recurring or worsening disease. 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores were checked before...

The present study aimed to develop a machine learning network diagnose middle ear diseases with tympanic membrane images and identify its assistive role in the diagnostic process. medical records of subjects who underwent endoscopy tests were reviewed. From these records, 2272 membranes appropriately labeled as normal, otitis media effusion (OME), chronic (COM), or cholesteatoma used for training. We developed “ResNet18 + Shuffle” validated model performance. Seventy-one representative cases...

Abstract This study is based upon two premises: (1) the available literature, though voluminous, fails to provide systematic understandings of complex and evolving relations between China North Korea; (2) Korea had been short being trusted allies bound in blood belief even before launch post-Mao reforms normalization Beijing–Seoul relations. article dissects this curious relationship into four questions: What does history inform us about China's with (North) Korea? Has communicated...

Objectives: To investigate the impact of olfactory dysfunction on quality life (QOL) and psychological status in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2011 to May 2012 130 septal deviation (SD) (n = 59) CRSwNP 71). All underwent computed tomography (CT), allergy tests, sniffin’ stick test. Anosmia defined by Threshold-Discrimination-Identification (TDI) scores less than 16. QOL symptoms were...

To investigate the significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet (PLR) in vestibular neuritis.Retrospective, case-control study.The study subjects were patients who received treatment for neuritis between January 2009 December 2013, a control group composed 70 age- sex-matched healthy laboratory testing as part routine health checkup. The underwent complete blood cell count counts various subtypes compare NLR PLR controls. associations test results values function...

Objectives/Hypothesis Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common infectious condition that can cause hearing loss and persistent otorrhea. The prevalence rates of CSOM in developed countries typically <1%, whereas developing some racial groups have shown higher exceeding 4%. aim this study was to investigate the South Korea associated factors using data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey during 2009–2012. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis nationwide health survey....

Abstract Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo, which results from dislodged vestibular otoliths. Because otoliths are mainly composed calcium carbonate, it has been suggested that BPPV may be associated with osteoporosis. We aimed to assess incidence and recurrence in osteoporosis patients using a nationwide population-based cohort study matched control. used database National Health Insurance Service Korea, universal system covering all...

To investigate the clinical significance of 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3.0 Tesla three-dimensional (3D) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in acute vestibular neuritis.A prospective observational study.Twenty-nine neuritis patients were enrolled between January 2017 and June 2017. Vestibular function tests, comprising caloric video head impulse tests vestibular-evoked myogenic potential measurements, performed. Precontrast, 10-minute, 3D-FLAIR MR images...

Background The treatment options for odontogenic sinusitis (OS) include medical management including antibiotics and saline nasal irrigation, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), dental treatment. Objective purpose of this study was to evaluate whether OS caused by caries periapical abscess can be cured alone which patients should consider early. Methods A total 33 with were enrolled. Patients implants, trauma, surgery, or tooth extraction excluded. All initially treated without ESS. divided into...

capabilities and influence related synergies?has become a global phenomenon economically, diplomatically, culturally increasingly militarily. While wide variety of variables uncertainties still remain to condition or constrain the elongated process China's ascent, this study, designed identify patterns variations state-level responses in East Asia rise China, opts for cautious but, overall, optimistic take on prospect China attaining status power.1 A widely subscribed view as impact...

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Recently 4-hour delayed-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MR imaging has been used in pathophysiologic analysis of the inner ear many auditory diseases, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss, but comparison among different time points is not clear patients with unilateral symptoms. We compared signal-intensity ratios ears symptoms on 10-minute and images after IV gadolinium injection. <h3>MATERIALS METHODS:</h3> The were retrospectively analyzed. Signal-intensity...

Abstract Predicting hearing outcomes in idiopathic sudden sensorineural loss (ISSNHL) is still challenging. We hypothesized that assessment of the semicircular canal (SCC) function via video head impulse test (vHIT) might provide prognostic information. The medical records patients diagnosed with ISSNHL from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. values vHIT and other previously known factors predicting recovery analyzed using a logistic regression model. A total 148...

<h3>Importance</h3> The association between hypertension and epistaxis has long been a subject of debate. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the risk in patients with using nationwide population cohort to assess methods managing cases epistaxis. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> In this retrospective study, comparison were built Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort that represents entire Republic Korea from January 1, 2002, December 31, 2015. comprised 35 749...