Abstract The face feature point detection algorithm has a very broad application prospect in the field of recognition. In this paper, from perspective computer vision, specific connotation and shape indexing with pixel coordinates is elaborated. overall framework cascade regression built through training testing, pose changes are extracted based on features weak invariance to ensure that can realize real-time detection. Train all levels regressors using data distribution statistics allow...

Abstract Background While the association between caregiver-child interaction and early childhood development (ECD) has been observed, underlying biological mechanism remains to be elucidated. Objective This study aimed examine potential role of epigenome-wide DNA methylation in ECD among preschool children living rural China. Methods was conducted a area Central evaluated with Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (Chinese version), yielding developmental quotient (DQ), i.e. global...

We recently found that an orally directed stretch of the esophagus activates a neurally mediated relaxation lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Goals our study were to characterize neural mechanisms responsible for axial and transverse stretch-activated responses in LES. LES pressure was monitored anesthetized artificially ventilated mice. Sutures placed exert graded longitudinal directions. Effects bilateral vagotomy pharmacological agents on investigated. The relationship between vagally...

In the presence of L ‐NNA (100 μ M ), indomethacin (10 ) and ODQ acetylcholine induced a concentration‐dependent vasorelaxation guinea‐pig mesenteric middle cerebral arteries precontracted with cirazoline or histamine, but not high K + , indicating contribution an endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). arteries, charybdotoxin (ChTX; 0.1 completely inhibited indomethacin, ODQ‐insensitive relaxation; iberiotoxin (IbTX, 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP, 1 m barium (30 significantly reduced...

Cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) is essential for the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. The role plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchange (NCX) activity in regulation vascular homeostasis was previously ascribed to NCX1 protein. However, recent studies suggest that a relatively newly discovered K+-dependent exchanger, NCKX (gene family SLC24), also present smooth muscle. purpose study identify expression function arteries. mRNA encoding NCKX3 NCKX4 demonstrated by RT-PCR Northern blot...

Mechanosensitivity of enteric neurons has been reported in the small intestine and colon, but not esophagus. Our earlier vivo studies show that mechanical stretch esophagus axial direction induces neurally mediated relaxation lower esophageal sphincter, possibly through mechanosensitive motor neurons. However, this novel notion are examined isolated myenteric The goal our present study was to examine mechanosensitivity primary culture elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms....

The length at which a muscle operates in vivo (operational length) and the it generates maximal force (optimal may be quite different. We studied active passive length-tension characteristics of external anal sphincter (EAS) vitro to determine optimal operational rabbit EAS. For studies, rings EAS (n = 4) were prepared bath under isometric conditions. female rabbits 19) anesthetized canal pressure was recorded by use sleeve sensor placed custom-designed catheter holders 4.5-, 6-, 9-mm...

In this paper, we synthesized a block copolymer containing pendent thioether functionalities by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-l-methionine-(2-methacryloylethyl)ester (Boc-METMA) monomer using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based agent. The deprotection Boc groups resulted in an oxidation and pH dual-responsive cationic PEG-b-P(METMA). PEG-b-P(METMA) possessing protonable amine was water-soluble at < 6.0 self-assembled to form...

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that spontaneously diabetic TallyHo (TH) mice, a novel polygenic model for type 2 diabetes, will exhibit endothelial dysfunction associated with an increased contribution from endothelium-derived contractile factors (EDCF). The cellular mechanisms underlying of EDCF were explored in 16 and 30-week-old male TH age-matched C57BL/6J mice (n = 4–9). Blood glucose serum lipid profiles markedly mice. Superoxide generation, assessed lucigenin...

BACKGROUND: Anal sphincter complex muscles, the internal anal sphincter, external and puborectalis play an important role in continence mechanism. Patients with symptoms of fecal incontinence have weak muscles; however, their length-tension properties relationship to anatomical disruption never been studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed assess anatomy muscles use a 3-dimensional ultrasound imaging system determine between defects property women control subjects. DESIGN: Severity muscle damage...

Myocardial blood flow occurs during the diastolic phase of cardiac cycle, because myocardial contraction systolic impedes perfusion. Using laser Doppler perfusion technique, we studied effect esophageal on wall Studies were conducted in rats. A probe was anchored to wall, and under various experimental conditions. Increase decrease systemic pressure induced by different pharmacological agents associated with increase perfusion, respectively. Esophageal contractions electrical stimulation...

Background Our recent studies show that the external anal sphincter muscle (EAS) operates at a sarcomere length range which is below optimal. In this study, we tested hypothesis by surgically increasing and bringing it close to optimal length, EAS function canal pressure can be enhanced. Methods Rabbits (n = 25) were anesthetized subjected either sham or an plication of different placing sutures two locations, distance 13%, 20%, 28%, 35% circumferential canal. Anal pressures recorded before...

We recently found that the anal canal function and external sphincter contraction can be enhanced by surgically adjusting EAS muscle sarcomere length in rabbits. A 20% plication of results significant increase pressure stress without affecting its passive tension. The durability beneficial effect on is not known.We studied long-term effects optimal pressure, length, histology.Female rabbits (n = 16) were anesthetized either sham 4) or 12) surgery was performed.The determined every 2 weeks...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a crucial role in the control of gastrointestinal motility, secretion and absorption functions. Immunohistochemistry has been widely used to visualize neurons ENS for more than two decades. Genetically engineered mice that report specific proteins can also be ENS. goal our study was develop mouse expresses fluorescent neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), expressed 95% neurons. We compared visualized reporter with wild...

We recently reported that esophageal contraction reduces wall perfusion in an animal study. Our aim was to determine blood (EWBP) during and transient lower sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) humans. studied 12 healthy volunteers. A custom-designed laser Doppler probe anchored the wall, 4-6 cm above LES, by use of Bravo pH system so light beam stay directed toward mucosa. high-resolution manometry equipped with impedance electrodes recorded pressures reflux events. Synchronized pressure,...

Nutcracker esophagus (NE) is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic esophageal contractions, and these patients often present with symptoms of "angina-like" or noncardiac chest pain. Tissue ischemia a known cause visceral pain, the goal our study was to determine whether wall blood perfusion (EWBP) reduced in NE. Fourteen normal subjects (mean age 51 yr, 11 men) 12 53 9 NE pain were investigated. The EWBP measured continuously using custom-designed laser Doppler probe tethered Bravo...

Esophageal axial shortening is caused by longitudinal muscle (LM) contraction, but circular (CM) may also contribute to because of its spiral morphology. The goal our study was show patterns contraction CM and LM layers during peristalsis transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation (TLESR). In rats, LES morphology assessed histology immunohistochemistry, function with the use piezo-electric crystals manometry. Electrical stimulation vagus nerve used induce contractions. 18 healthy...