Physical complaints, such as pain, can be effectively reduced by placebo effects through induction of positive expectations, or increased nocebo negative expectations. In the present study, verbally induced and on itch were experimentally investigated for first time. part 1, role verbal suggestions in inducing pain was investigated. All subjects received same somatosensory quantitative sensory testing stimuli, that is, mechanical electrical stimuli application histamine, to manipulate...

Placebo and nocebo effects are known to play a key role in treatment wide variety of conditions. These have frequently been investigated with regard pain also other physical sensations, but hardly itch. In addition, neither nor any sensation, the single combined contribution expectancy mechanisms conditioning verbal suggestion ever both placebo within one design. For first time, on itch was experimentally investigated. Expectations about stimuli were induced healthy subjects by suggestion,...

Nocebo effects, i.e., adverse treatment effects which are induced by patients' expectations, known to contribute the experience of physical symptoms such as pain and itch. A better understanding how minimize nocebo responses might eventually enhanced effects. However, little is about reduce In current randomized controlled study, we tested whether can be minimized positive expectation induction with respect electrical histaminic itch stimuli. First, negative expectations stimuli were verbal...

Both stressors and stress vulnerability factors together with immune hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity components have been considered to contribute disease fluctuations of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim the present study was investigate whether daily worrying factor well HPA markers predict short-term symptom in patients RA.In a prospective design, stressors, worrying, (cortisol) system (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, interferon...

Itch and pain are common symptoms in skin disease. It has been suggested that negative emotions may play a role itch pain. To date, however, the of only studied for experimental studies, not yet itch.To investigate effects positive on sensitivity to pain.Film fragments were used induce or emotional state healthy women. induced using following somatosensory stimuli: electrical stimulation, histamine iontophoresis cold pressor test.Results showed scores evoked by test, respectively,...

Patients frequently report high levels of physical symptoms, such as itch and pain, which do not completely correspond to pathophysiological findings, possibly indication heightened sensitivity symptoms. Sensitivity pain is thought be affected by processes attentional focus on bodily sensations. We investigated the role in various somatosensory stimuli evoking both sensations healthy female subjects. Different mechanical, chemical electrical quantitative sensory testing were applied....

Pain can be endogenously modulated by heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) through a mechanism which is known as diffuse inhibitory control (DNIC). Since DNIC impaired in patients suffering from chronic pain, comparable itch inhibition may exist itch. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pruritic (HPCS) would display an modulation compared with healthy subjects. To this end, electrical stimuli were applied before and after histamine application female...

Symptoms of itch and pain in chronic inflammatory conditions psoriasis (PS) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can highly affect patients' quality life. Studies other patient groups indicate that sensitivity to is altered line with the patient's main symptom either or pain, as a result sensitization processes. This study directly compared whether patients associated display heightened respectively. Sensitivity was measured by applying stimuli quantitative sensory testing (QST) female due PS RA....

Placebo effects are positive outcomes that not due to active treatment components, which may be elicited even when patients aware of receiving an inert substance (open-label). This proof-of-principle study investigated for the first time whether open-label placebo on itch can induced by verbal suggestions alone. Ninety-two healthy volunteers were randomized experimental (open-label suggestions) or control (no groups. Self-reported evoked histamine iontophoresis was primary outcome. In...

Research into placebo effects has convincingly shown that inducing positive outcome expectations can reduce pain and other physical sensations. However, the comparative of different expectation inductions, such as verbal suggestion or mental imagery, their generic on sensitivity, to sensations pain, itch, fatigue, are still largely unknown. In current study, we assessed individual combined imagery fatigue indicators sensitivity in a randomized study design. Healthy participants (n = 116)...

A substantial proportion of patients with burn injury develop chronic itch, which can severely affect their quality life. As found in research on pain, different psychophysiological processes may also play a role central sensitization, conditioned modulation, and attentional have been studied most frequently. This study aimed to explore post-burn itch by comparing 15 long-term due matched healthy controls. Exploratory results indicated tendencies for higher sensitivity than controls,...

Objective: Stigmatization is common in people with chronic skin conditions and may also affect their significant others (SOs).The fast implicit processing of stigmatization-related stimuli has received little attention these populations; however, such knowledge offer indications for new treatment methods.This study aimed to investigate SOs.Method: A modified Stroop task 2 approach-avoidance tasks were administered participants (alopecia: n = 50 psoriasis: 50); (alopecia SOs: 47 psoriasis...

Placebo and nocebo effects have been shown to influence subjective symptoms such as itch. These can be induced by influencing outcome expectations through, for example, combining the application of an inert substance (e.g., a cream) with verbal suggestions on anticipated this substance. Interestingly, placebo also occur when it is known that treatment (i.e., open-label placebo). However, no study date has examined efficacy negative positive under similar closed-label concealed...

Itch is often regarded as unpleasant or bothersome and accompanied by symptoms of distress impairments in daily life. The biopsychosocial model chronic itch describes how psychological factors can contribute to the improvement exacerbation related scratching behaviour. Recent research underlines important role cognitive-affective information processing, such attention, affect expectancies. This may not only play a for acute states, but particularly apply process chronification, example, due...

Itch and pain are common after burns. Neuropathic mechanisms may underlie both modalities but remain not well-understood. This study aims to prospectively document neuropathic symptoms identify potential itch symptom profiles that differ regarding duration co-occurrence with which inform underlying pathophysiological respond different treatments. Adult burn survivors (n = 192) self-reported at 2 weeks post-discharge, 3, 6, 12, 18 months post-burn. Based on the presence of over time,...