A5054342237- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Research in Cotton Cultivation
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Food composition and properties
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
Iowa State University
2016-2025
Ames National Laboratory
2013-2024
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics
2011-2013
Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust
2013
University of California, Riverside
2006-2008
Michigan State University
2006
Kazan Federal University
2005
University of Leeds
2004
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
1996-2003
Wageningen University & Research
2000
Abstract Xyloglucans are the main hemicellulosic polysaccharides found in primary cell walls of dicots and nongraminaceous monocots, where they thought to interact with cellulose form a three-dimensional network that functions as principal load-bearing structure wall. To determine whether two Arabidopsis thaliana genes encode xylosyltransferases, XXT1 XXT2, involved xyloglucan biosynthesis vivo how plant wall is affected by lack expression XXT1, or both, we isolated characterized xxt1 xxt2...
The polysaccharide-rich cell walls (CWs) of plants perform essential functions such as maintaining tensile strength and allowing plant growth. Using two- three-dimensional magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR uniformly 13C-labeled Arabidopsis thaliana, we have assigned the resonances major polysaccharides in intact insoluble primary CW determined intermolecular contacts dynamics cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins. Cellulose microfibrils showed extensive interactions with pectins, while...
The primary cell wall of higher plants consists a mixture polysaccharides whose spatial proximities and interactions with each other are not well understood. We recently obtained the first two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional high-resolution magic-angle-spinning 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra uniformly 13C-labeled Arabidopsis thaliana, which allowed us to assign majority resonances three major classes polysaccharides: cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins. In this work, we...
Abstract Xyloglucan is an important hemicellulosic polysaccharide in dicot primary cell walls. Most of the enzymes involved xyloglucan synthesis have been identified. However, many details its vivo remain unknown. The roles three genes encoding xylosyltransferases participating biosynthesis Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were further investigated using reverse genetic, biochemical, and immunological approaches. New double mutants (xxt1 xxt5 xxt2 xxt5) a triple mutant generated,...
Abstract The plant cell wall has many significant structural and physiological roles, but the contributions of various components to these roles remain unclear. Modification properties can affect key agronomic traits such as disease resistance growth. is composed diverse polysaccharides often decorated with methyl, acetyl, feruloyl groups linked sugar subunits. In this study, we examined effect perturbing acetylation by making transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Brachypodium...
Summary The function of a putative xyloglucan xylosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana ( At1g74380 ; XXT5 ) was studied. gene is expressed in all plant tissues, with higher levels expression roots, stems and cauline leaves. A T‐DNA insertion the generates readily visible root hair phenotype (root hairs are shorter form bubble‐like extrusions at tip), also causes alteration main cellular morphology. Biochemical characterization cell wall polysaccharides isolated xxt5 mutant seedlings...
Abstract Reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (RGPs) have been implicated in polysaccharide biosynthesis. To date, to our knowledge, no direct evidence exists for the involvement of RGPs a particular biochemical process. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains five RGP genes out which RGP1 and RGP2 share highest sequence identity. We characterized native expression pattern used reverse genetics investigate their respective functions. Although both are ubiquitously expressed,...
The composition and concentrations of cell wall polysaccharides phenolic compounds were analyzed in mature stems several Miscanthus genotypes, comparison with switchgrass reed (Arundo donax), biomass characteristics correlated saccharification efficiency. highest cellulose content was found walls M. sinensis'Grosse Fontaine' (55%) A. donax (47%) lowest (about 32%) sinensis'Adagio'. There little variation lignin contents across sinensis samples (all about 22–24% wall), however,...
MINI REVIEW article Front. Plant Sci., 25 June 2012Sec. Physiology Volume 3 - 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2012.00134
Plant cell wall (CW) polysaccharides are responsible for the mechanical strength and growth of plant cells; however, high‐resolution structure dynamics CW still poorly understood because insoluble nature these molecules. Here, we use 2D 3D magic‐angle‐spinning (MAS) solid‐state NMR (SSNMR) to investigate structural role pectins in CW. Intact partially depectinated primary CWs Arabidopsis thaliana were uniformly labeled with 13 C their spectra compared. Recent resonance assignment major...
Fusarium graminearum, one of the causal agents Head Blight (FHB, scab), leads to severe losses in grain yield and quality due production mycotoxins which are harmful human livestock. Different traits for FHB resistance wheat were identified common (Triticum aestivum L.) while sources durum turgidum ssp. Durum), cereals most susceptible F. graminearum infection, have not been found. New lines evidence indicate that content composition cell wall polymers affect susceptibility degrading enzymes...
Abstract Xyloglucan is the major hemicellulosic polysaccharide in primary cell walls of most vascular dicotyledonous plants and has important structural physiological functions plant growth development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), 1,4-β-glucan synthase, Cellulose Synthase-Like C4 (CSLC4), three xylosyltransferases, XXT1, XXT2, XXT5, act Golgi to form xylosylated glucan backbone during xyloglucan biosynthesis. However, functional organization these enzymes membrane currently...
The polysaccharide structure and dynamics in the primary cell wall of model grass Brachypodium distachyon are investigated for first time using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). While both non-grass walls contain cellulose as main structural scaffold, former contains xylan with arabinose glucuronic acid substitutions hemicellulose, a small amount xyloglucan (XyG) pectins, while latter XyG hemicellulose significant amounts pectins. We labeled 13C to allow two-dimensional (2D)...
Abstract Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a cell wall that inhibits fungal polygalacturonases (PGs) and retards the invasion of plant tissues by phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we report interaction two PGIP isoforms from Phaseolus vulgaris (PvPGIP1 PvPGIP2) with both polygalacturonic acid fractions containing uronic acids. We identify in three-dimensional structure PvPGIP2 motif four clustered arginine lysine residues (R183, R206, K230, R252) responsible for this binding. The...
Asian soybean rust is an aggressive foliar disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. On susceptible plants, pathogen penetrates and colonizes leaf tissue, resulting in formation of necrotic lesions development numerous uredinia. The Rpp2 gene confers resistance to specific isolates P. Rpp2-mediated limits growth characterized reddish-brown few Using virus-induced silencing, we screened 140 candidate genes identify those that play a role toward Candidate included...
Arabidopsis thaliana xyloglucan has an XXXG structure, with branches of xylosyl residues, β-d-galacosyl-(1,2)-α-d-xylosyl motifs and fucosylated β-d-galactosyl-(1,2)-α-d-xylosyl motifs. Most the enzymes involved in biosynthesis have been identified, including glucan synthase CSLC4 (cellulose synthase-like C4), three xylosyltransferases (XXT1, XXT2 XXT5), two galactosyltransferases (MUR3 XLT2) fucosyltransferase FUT1. The XXTs form homo- heterocomplexes were proposed to co-localize same...
Significance The recalcitrant nature of the plant cell wall presents a significant challenge in industrial processing biomass. Poor understanding polysaccharide biosynthesis impedes efforts to engineer walls susceptible efficient and unnatural pathways degradation. Despite numerous genetic vitro studies xyloglucan xylosyltransferases (XXT1, XXT2, XXT5), specific roles each xylosylation backbone is unclear. On basis steric constraints imposed by active-site cleft structures presented here, we...
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are enzymes that catalyze reactions attaching an activated sugar to acceptor substrate, which may be a polysaccharide, peptide, lipid, or small molecule. In the past decade, notable progress has been made in revealing and cloning genes encoding polysaccharide-synthesizing GTs. However, vast majority of GTs remain structurally functionally uncharacterized. The mechanism by they organized Golgi membrane, where synthesize complex, highly branched polysaccharide...
The cotton textile industry is based on the material properties of terminally differentiated trichoblasts. Tens thousands epidermal trichoblasts emerge from seed coat and march through a reproducible developmental program that includes interconversion between cell-autonomous tissue-based morphogenesis. Proteomic analyses purified fibers provide way to associate molecules with cellular processes directly affect morphological transitions harvested cells. However, insufficient temporal sampling...
Cotton fiber development relies on complex and intricate biological processes to transform newly differentiated initials into the mature, extravagantly elongated cellulosic cells that are foundation of this economically important cash crop. Here we extend previous research cotton by employing controlled conditions minimize variability utilizing time-series sampling analyses capture daily transcriptomic changes from early elongation through stages secondary wall synthesis (6 24 days post...