Three distinct techniques exist for distributing an ultrastable frequency reference over optical fibers. For the distribution of a microwave reference, amplitude-modulated continuous wave (cw) laser can be used. Over kilometer-scale lengths this approach provides instability at 1 s approximately 3 x 10(-14) without stabilization fiber-induced noise and with active cancellation. An transferred by directly transmitting stabilized cw fiber then disseminated to other regions using comb. This 2...

Broadband laser light sources in the mid-infrared region attract enormous interest due to plethora of applications they are enabling, including multispecies trace gas detection, free-space communications, and infrared countermeasures. Key progress supercontinuum generation has been wide availability fiber-based near-infrared bulk-optic pump suitably engineered nonlinear media capable supporting high-brightness supercontinua. A large proportion system complexity relates source itself with...

Silicon has attracted great interest as a platform for both linear and nonlinear integrated photonics over 15 years. While its primary applications have been in the telecom window (near 1.5 μm), capability of exploiting full transparency to 8 μm mid-IR is highly attractive, since this will open it up entirely new fields such spectroscopy, chemical biological sensing, free-space communications. However, while silicon-on-insulator shown promise just beyond telecommunications [to shortwave IR...

We report record low loss silicon-on-sapphire nanowires for applications to mid infrared optics.We achieve propagation losses as 0.8dB/cm at =1550nm,  1.1 1.4dB/cm =2080nm and < 2dB/cm  = 5.18 μm.

The recent demonstrations of ultrafast mid-infrared fiber lasers emitting sub-picosecond pulses at 2.8 μm have created an exciting potential for a range applications including frequency combs and materials processing. So far, this new class laser has been based on the I11/24-I13/24 transition in erbium-doped fluoride fibers, which lies directly region high water vapor absorption. This absorption limited achievable bandwidth, pulse duration, peak power poses serious problem transmission free...

A passively switched Ho3+, Pr3+ codoped fluoride fiber laser using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) is demonstrated. Q-switching and partial mode-locking were observed with the output power produced at slope efficiency of 24% respect to absorbed pump power. The partially mode-locked 2.87 μm pulses operated repetition rate 27.1 MHz an average 132 mW, pulse energy 4.9 nJ, width 24 ps.

An octave spanning spectrum is generated in an As2S3 taper via 77 pJ pulses from ultrafast fiber laser. Using a previously developed tapering method, we construct 1.3 μm that has zero-dispersion wavelength around 1.4 μm. The low two-photon absorption of sulfide-based chalcogenide allows for higher input powers than previous efforts selenium-based tapered fibers. This power handling capability combined with pulse chirp compensation to be directly the using unamplified laser output.

Ultrafast laser pulses at mid-infrared wavelengths (2&#x2013;20&#xA0;&#x3BC;m) interact strongly with molecules due to the resonance their vibration modes. This enables application in frequency comb-based sensing and tissue surgery. Fiber lasers are ideal achieve these pulses, as they compact, stable, efficient. We extend performance of production 6.4&#xA0;kW a wavelength 2.8&#xA0;&#x3BC;m complete electric field retrieval using frequency-resolved optical gating techniques. Contrary problems...

Rare-earth-doped fiber lasers are emerging as promising high-power mid-infrared sources for the 2.6–3.0 μm and 3.3–3.8 regions based on erbium holmium ions. The intermediate wavelength range, however, remains vastly underserved, despite prospects important manufacturing defense applications. Here, we demonstrate potential of dysprosium-doped to solve this problem, with a simple in-band pumped grating-stabilized linear cavity generating up 1.06 W at 3.15 μm. A slope efficiency 73% respect...

Solitons are wave packets that can propagate without changing shape by balancing nonlinear effects with the of dispersion. In photonics, they have underpinned numerous applications, ranging from telecommunications and spectroscopy to ultrashort pulse generation. Although traditionally dominant dispersion type has been quadratic dispersion, experimental theoretical research in recent years shown high-order, even enriches phenomenon may lead novel applications. this Tutorial, which is aimed...

We demonstrate a mode-locked, erbium-doped fiber laser with its repetition frequency synchronized to second via an intracavity electro-optic modulator (EOM). With servo control from the EOM (bandwidth approximately 230 kHz) and slower speed piezoelectric transducer (resonance at 20 kHz), we stabilization of in-loop rms timing jitter 10 fs, integrated over bandwidth 1 Hz 100 kHz. This represents what is our knowledge first time has been introduced inside mode-locked cavity for fast action...

A high-power diode-cladding-pumped Ho³⁺-doped fluoride glass fiber laser operating in cascade mode is demonstrated. The ⁵I₆→⁵I₇ and ⁵I₇→⁵I₈ transitions produced 0.77 W at a measured slope efficiency of 12.4% 0.24 5.2%, respectively. Using long length, which forced large threshold for the transition, wavelength 3.002 μm was maximum output power, making this system first watt-level mid-IR.

We report an efficient Q-switched Ho3+Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber laser, producing a peak power of 77 W, with pulse width 78 ns. A slope efficiency 20% respect to the launched pump was achieved. TeO2 acousto-optic modulator allowed continuous tunability repetition frequency from 40 300 kHz.

We have investigated the nonlinear optical response of low loss Si(0.6)Ge(0.4) / Si waveguides in mid-infrared wavelength range from 3.25- 4.75μm using picosecond pulses. observed and measured three four-photon absorption coefficients as well Kerr refractive index. The dynamics spectral broadening suggests that, addition to multiphoton absorption, corresponding higher order phenomena also needs be included when high pulse intensities are used at wavelengths this material.

We report a passively mode-locked Ho(3+)Pr(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser, producing 6 ps pulses at repetition rate of 24.8 MHz, with peak power 465 W. For the first time, ring cavity was demonstrated in laser arrangement which essential to generation stable and self-starting pulses.

We demonstrate a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\hbox{Ho}^{3+}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , notation="TeX">$\hbox{Pr}^{3+} $</tex-math></inline-formula> co-doped fluoride fiber laser that produces an output power of 7.2 W, 150-nm tuning range, and narrow linewidth notation="TeX">$&lt;\ 0.14$</tex-math></inline-formula> nm using power-scalable notation="TeX">$\hbox{Yb}^{3+}...

The authors demonstrate the existence of optical solitons arising from balance between self-phase modulation and negative, pure, even high-order dispersion using a fiber laser incorporating spectral pulse shaper.

We report on a passive cavity-enhanced Yb-fiber laser frequency comb generating 230 MW of peak power (3 kW average power) at 136 MHz pulse repetition rate. The intracativy intensity 3 x 10(14) W/cm2 for the 95 fs is sufficient to ionize noble gases, such as Xe, Kr, or Ar. system based mode-locked similariton oscillator in conjunction with cladding-pumped chirped-pulse fiber amplifier. After recompression, 75 duration pulses 13.1 W are obtained. These then coherently added inside ring cavity...

Optical frequency comb-based cavity-ringdown spectroscopy has recently enabled high-sensitivity absorption detection of molecules over a broad spectral range. We demonstrate an improved system based on mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser source centered at 1.5 microm, resulting in spectrometer that is inexpensive, simple, and robust. It provides very large bandwidth (1.45-1.65 microm) for investigation wide variety molecular absorptions. Strong absorptions mum allow sensitivities...

We report the demonstration of a single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser operating at 2914 nm, which exhibits spectrometer-limited linewidth <0.4 in 49 mm long holmium/praseodymium co-doped ZBLAN fiber. Narrow-linewidth feedback is provided by Bragg grating inscribed directly using femtosecond point-by-point technique. Measurements temporal stability and coherence confirm that on single longitudinal mode.

Using a 3.1-μm optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA), we generate supercontinuum in step-index chalcogenide fiber that spans from 1.6 to 5.9 μm at the -20 dB points. The rugged geometry allows for long-term operation, while spectral bandwidth is limited by transmission of As2S3 fiber.

We propose and demonstrate a simple route to few-optical-cycle pulse generation from mid-infrared fiber laser through nonlinear compression of pulses holmium-doped oscillator using short length chalcogenide grating pair. Pulses the with 265-fs duration at 2.86 μm are spectrally broadened self-phase modulation in step-index As2S3 141-nm bandwidth then re-compressed 70 fs (7.3 optical cycles). These shortest system date, we note that our is compact, robust, uses only commercially available...

Transfer of a high-stability and ultralow-jitter timing signal through fiber network via mode-locked laser is demonstrated. With active cancellation the fiber-transmission noise, fractional instability for transfer radio-frequency 6.9- (4.5-) km round-trip installed (laboratory-based) below 9(7)×10−15 τ−1∕2 an averaging time τ⩾1 s, limited by noise floor frequency-counting system. The reduces rms jitter, integrated over bandwidth from 1 Hz to 100 kHz, 37 (20) fs network, representing what...