To identify risk factors in early life (up to 3 years of age) for obesity children the United Kingdom.Prospective cohort study.Avon longitudinal study parents and children, Kingdom.8234 aged 7 a subsample 909 (children focus) with data on additional growth related obesity.Obesity at age years, defined as body mass index (3) 95th centile relative reference UK population 1990.Eight 25 putative were associated final models: parental (both parents: adjusted odds ratio, 10.44, 95% confidence...

To test for the coexistence of social inequalities in undernutrition and obesity preschool children.Retrospective, cross sectional, study routinely collected data from 74 500 children aged 39-42 months 1998/99. Main outcome measures were weight, height, sex, age recorded by health visitors. Body mass index (BMI) standardised relative to UK 1990 reference data, was used define (BMI <2nd centile) >95th centile; BMI >98th centile). Social deprivation assessed as Carstairs category (1 = most...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as 'carbohydrate intolerance of varying degrees severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy,' and associated increased fetal maternal risks. The aims the present study were to investigate prevalence GDM in Scotland over 32 years (1981-2012), using data from 2012, assess how related body mass index, age, parity, smoking, Scottish Index Multiple Deprivation, infant gender macrosomia status.GDM along anthropometric, obstetric...

To explore associations of early infant feeding with (i) eating patterns in the second year life and (ii) weight status fourth a prospective cohort children Scotland.Growing Up Scotland (GUS) longitudinal birth study (2005-2008).Scotland, UK.Children aged 9-12 months (n 5217) followed through to 45-48 months.Infant was associated patterns, defined by using SPSS two-step cluster analysis, life. Children who were ever breast-fed compared never (adjusted OR = 1·48, 95 % CI 1·27, 1·73) more...

An apparent outbreak of enteric disease occurred in dogs and cats at a veterinary teaching hospital. Clostridium difficile Toxin A or B both were identified 1 more fecal samples from 48 93 (52%) over 5‐month period, 30 which the 1st 26 days, after strict infection control measures, including closure to elective cases, implemented. Affected animals included in‐patients, out‐patients that housed temporarily wards, resident blood donor dogs. Infection partial depopulation, isolation, hospital...

Abstract Objective To explore the association between diet and socio-economic position for 2007–2009 investigate trends in inequalities Scottish 2001 2009. Design UK food purchase data (collected annually from to 2009) were used estimate household-level consumption data. Population mean consumption, nutrient intakes energy density estimated by quintiles of an area-based index multiple deprivation. Food those targeted change Scotland others indicative quality. The slope relative indices...

The accuracy of the multiple pass 24 h recall for assessment habitual energy intake in pre-school children is unclear. primary aim this study was to assess its by comparison with measurement total expenditure doubly-labelled water a representative sample forty-one 3–4-year-olds. method well tolerated subjects and administered quickly easily. However, it produced estimates which significantly exceeded measures from water, mean paired difference 660 kJ/d ( P &lt;0·01). Agreement between two...

Background: Limited data exist that explore the association between exclusive breastfeeding and dietary behaviors related to key food choices in later infancy. Objective: This study aimed examine relationship at 3 months with age of starting complementary feeding collected 8 10 months. Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on UK Infant Feeding Survey 2005. Results: After adjusting for maternal characteristics, months, compared mixed or formula feeding, positively associated giving...

A 3.5-year-old, castrated male, giant schnauzer was presented with alopecic pustular dermatitis. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia had been diagnosed 45 days previously. At the time of presentation, dog receiving prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. Cutaneous protozoosis diagnosed, postmortem examination revealed protozoa within cutaneous, cardiac, pancreatic, pulmonary tissues. The divided by endodyogeny, morphology Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites, stained positively T....

Monitoring changes in the food and nutrient intake of a nation is important for informing design evaluation policy. Surveys household consumption have been carried out annually UK since 1940 and, despite some over years 1940–2000, method used Expenditure Food Survey (Living Costs from 2008) has fundamentally same 2001. Using these surveys an analytical procedure was devised to compare Scotland with Scottish dietary targets, monitor change. This takes into account contributions composite...

Objective: To assess whether anthropometric data, routinely collected as part of the Scottish Child Health Surveillance System (CHSP- PS, preschool children; CHSP-S, school age children) could provide a means monitoring/surveillance for obesity and undernutrition at national health board level. Design: A survey 15 boards both surveillance systems to identify nature data collected, format extent which were accessible (eg via Information Statistics Division Common Services Agency)....

Abstract Background Energy density ( ED ) is a measure of the energy content food component or diet relative to standard unit weight. Widespread variation in assessment methodologies exist. The present study aimed explore feasibility calculating S cottish using UK purchase survey data and identify most appropriate method for use development Scottish Dietary Goal that captures any socioeconomic differences. Methods was calculated five different methods [food; milk; food, milk containing...

Frequent consumption of energy-dense foods has been strongly implicated in the global increase obesity. The World Cancer Research Fund suggests a population-level energy density (ED) goal for diets 523 kJ/100 g (125 kcal/100 g) as desirable reducing weight gain and related co-morbidities. However, there is limited information about ED contemporary populations. aims present study were to (1) estimate mean Scottish diet, (2) assess differences over time by socio-economic position, household...

Objective: Studies regarding the health effects of religious fasting have increased in last decade. The aim this research was to investigate relationship between Christian Orthodox Church (COC) recommendations and cancer risk, with a specific focus on fibre, fruit, vegetables, red processed meat consumption. Methods: In cross-sectional study, participants included 361 individuals from Northern Greece. One hundred seventy-six followed COC regime for more than 10 years, 185 did not follow any...

Background: Canada has held elimination status for measles since 1998; however, imported cases continue to occur.Objective: To describe the public health response an case in Waterloo Region of Ontario May 2009.Results: Contacts and exposures were traced, quickly investigated identify source.Through routine reporting mechanisms it was found that index had likely been exposed while on holiday Disney World a laboratory-confirmed nine year old unimmunized boy from United Kingdom (UK).Canada's...

In February and in June 1998, two people developed acute hepatitis B following in-patient care a district general hospital. Initial enquiries indicated their infections were not attributable to staff undertaking exposure-prone procedures (EPPs). We report the findings implications of subsequent investigation: multi-disciplinary, multi-agency investigation, including molecular epidemiological analysis. Occupational Health records showed that involved EPPs with patients HBsAg negative. No...

Prognosis in obesity Older people should not be misinformed about being overweightEditor-With reference to the editorial by Lean on prognosis obesity, 1 advising apparently overweight older lose weight may do more harm than good.Evidence suggests that risks of "overweight" decrease with increasing age.On basis mortality, ideal body mass index (BMI) is higher young adults, an optimum BMI for 65 adult range 27-30 kg/m 2 . In a systematic review, Heiat et al concluded relation between and...

An abstract is not available for this content. As you have access to content, full HTML content provided on page. A PDF of also in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.