A5029190163- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Congenital heart defects research
- Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Infant Health and Development
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Sleep and related disorders
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
George Washington University
2015-2024
Johns Hopkins University
2020
University of California, Los Angeles
2019
GW Medical Faculty Associates
2015
Eye Center
2006
Oregon Health & Science University
2002
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
1996-2002
University of Tennessee at Knoxville
1995-1999
Baylor College of Medicine
1991-1995
Rice University
1993-1994
It is well known that the neuronal projections from brain to heart strongly influence cardiac function, and an abnormal activity has been implicated in diseases such as arrhythmia sudden infant death syndrome. This short review describes recent advances focused on neurobiology of vagal neurons, utilizing cellular techniques.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from the gut in response to food intake. Whereas GLP-1 acts periphery inhibit glucagon secretion and stimulate insulin release, it also central nervous system mediate autonomic control of feeding, body temperature, cardiovascular function. Because its role as hormone, receptor analogs are used a treatment for type 2 diabetes. Central or peripheral administration increases blood pressure heart rate, possibly by activating...
Locus ceruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons are critical in generating alertness. In addition to inducing cortical arousal, the LC also orchestrates changes accompanying autonomic system function that compliments increased attention, such as during stress, excitation, and/or exposure averse or novel stimuli. Although association between arousal and heart rate is well accepted, neurobiological link parasympathetic control has not been identified. this study, we test directly whether activation...
Autonomic control of heart rate is mediated by cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cholinergic neurons located in the brainstem and stimulatory sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. During embryonic development survival phenotype autonomic promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We now provide evidence that BDNF regulates a mechanism involving increased activity. Mice with haploinsufficiency exhibit elevated resting rate, infusion intracerebroventricularly reduces both wild-type BDNF+/-...
Leptin treats upper airway obstruction and alveolar hypoventilation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, obese humans mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) are resistant to leptin because of poor permeability the blood-brain barrier. We propose that intranasal will bypass resistance treat sleep-disordered breathing obesity.To assess if can during sleep DIO.Male C57BL/6J were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. A single dose (0.4 mg/kg) or BSA (vehicle) administered intranasally...
Hypertension is a common outcome associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), prevalent yet poorly treated cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed oxytocin (OXT), released from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons, activates cardiac vagal neurons in the dorsal motor of vagus (DMNX) and may blunt responses to stress. This study tests whether release OXT PVN fibers DMNX diminished chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIH/H) exposure, an animal model OSA, activation...
This study sought to investigate the shift of leading pacemaker locations in healthy and failing mammalian hearts over entire range physiological heart rates (HRs), molecularly characterize spatial regions spontaneous activity.A normal heartbeat originates as an action potential a group cells known sinoatrial node (SAN), located near superior vena cava. HRs anatomical site origin activity adult are dynamically change response various inputs, yet mechanism this is not well understood.Optical...
The heart rate increases during inspiration and decreases expiration. This respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) occurs by modulation of premotor cardioinhibitory parasympathetic neuron (CPN) activity. However, RSA has not been fully characterized in rats, despite the critical role CPNs generation RSA, little is known about mechanisms that mediate this cardiorespiratory interaction. study demonstrates conscious rats similar to other species. mechanism was then examined vitro. Rhythmic...
1. Neurons of the nodose ganglia provide sole connection between many types visceral sensory inputs and central nervous system. Electrophysiological studies isolated neurons a practical means measuring individual cell membrane currents assessing their putative contributions to overall response properties neuron its terminations. Here, we present comprehensive mathematical model an that is based upon numerical fits quantitative voltage- current-clamp data recorded in our laboratory. Model...
AimsRelease of norepinephrine (NE) from sympathetic neurons enhances heart rate (HR) and developed force through activation β-adrenergic receptors, this sympathoexcitation is a key risk for the generation cardiac arrhythmias. Studies modulation function typically involve administration exogenous receptor agonists to directly elicit global by bypassing involvement nerve terminals. In work, we use novel method activate fibres within myocardium Langendorff-perfused hearts while measuring...
Recent work has shown that oxytocin is involved in more than lactation and uterine contraction. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains neuroendocrine neurons control release hormones, including vasopressin oxytocin. Other populations PVN do not but rather project to neurotransmitters onto other CNS fluid retention, thermoregulation, sexual behavior responses stress. Activation receptors can be cardioprotective reduces adverse cardiovascular consequences anxiety...
A distinctive hallmark of heart failure (HF) is autonomic imbalance, consisting increased sympathetic activity, and decreased parasympathetic tone. Recent work suggests that activation hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) neurons could improve balance during HF. We hypothesized a novel method chronic selective OXT will cardiac function reduce inflammation fibrosis in rat model HF.Two groups male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent trans-ascending aortic constriction (TAC) to induce left ventricular (LV)...
Autonomic imbalance, particularly reduced activity from brainstem parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) is a major characteristic of many cardiorespiratory diseases. Therapeutic approaches to selectively increase CVN have been limited by lack identified selective translational targets. Recent work has shown that there an important excitatory synaptic pathway oxytocin (OXT) in the paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus (PVN) CVNs, and OXT could provide key excitation CVNs. In clinical...
This study tests the hypothesis that identified parasympathetic cardiac neurons in nucleus ambiguus possess pacemaker-like activity or, alternatively, these are inherently silent. To test this and to examine firing properties of neurons, were by presence a fluorescent tracer previously applied their terminals surrounding heart. Perforated patch-clamp electrophysiological techniques used spontaneous depolarization-evoked patterns an vitro brain stem slice. Parasympathetic On injection...
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. OSA leads to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of has been linked a defect in neuromuscular control the pharynx. There no effective pharmacotherapy for OSA. objective this study was determine whether patency can be improved using chemogenetic approach deploying designer receptors exclusively activated drug (DREADD) hypoglossal motorneurons. DREADD...