Tuberculosis and helminthic infections coexist in many parts of the world, yet impact helminth-elicited Th2 responses on ability host to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection has not been fully explored. We show that mice infected with intestinal helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) exhibit a transitory impairment resistance airborne Mtb infection. Furthermore, second dose Nb substantially increases bacterial burden lungs co-infected mice. Interestingly, response animals...

In this study, we report a new approach that allows dissection of distinct pathways regulating induction early adaptive immunity in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We used traceable murine dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophage populations chart their migratory pattern Mtb, found only DCs receiving inflammatory stimuli from Mtb up-regulated expression CCR7 migrated specifically the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Furthermore, these Mtb-modulated initiated Th1 LNs. Taken together,...

Previously we had reported that Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a helminth with lung migratory phase, affected host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through the induction of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Several species do not have an obligatory phase but establish chronic infections in include potent immune downregulatory effects, part mediated FoxP3(+) T regulatory cell (Treg) response. Treg cells exhibit duality their functions defense M. since depletion...

In a study of household contacts (HHC), households were categorized into High (HT) and Low (LT) transmission groups based on the proportion HHC with positive tuberculin skin test. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains from HT LT index cases designated Mtb-HT Mtb-LT, respectively. We found that C3HeB/FeJ mice infected Mtb-LT exhibited significantly higher bacterial burden compared to also developed diffused inflammatory lung pathology. stark contrast, significant number caseating...

The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes necessary for persistence in vivo provides insight into bacterial biology as well host defense strategies. We show that disruption M. membrane protein PerM (Rv0955) resulted an IFN-γ-dependent defect chronic mouse infection despite the mutant's near normal growth during acute infection. perM mutant required increased magnesium replication and survival; incubation low media cell elongation lysis. Transcriptome analysis grown reduced...

We reported in an earlier study that active efflux of drug has a predominant role conferring resistance laboratory‐generated ciprofloxacin‐resistant mutant Mycobacterium smegmatis . This exhibited mRNA level overexpression, as well chromosomal amplification, the gene pstB , encoding putative ATPase subunit phosphate specific transport (Pst) system. demonstrate here this shows enhanced uptake and inactivation parental strain results loss high affinity hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones....

Abstract Although much is understood regarding the role of B7/CD28 family costimulatory molecules in regulating host resistance context several pathogens, analogous information with Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacking. To address requirements B7-mediated costimulation against tuberculosis, mice deficient both B7.1 and B7.2 (B7DKO) were aerosol infected M. Erdman disease progression was monitored. We report herein that B7DKO are initially able to contain bacterial load lung, but exhibit...

Published work indicates that the contribution of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to host resistance during acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is marginal. However, in these studies, TLR2 participation memory immune response M. was not determined. The substantial vitro evidence strongly triggers on dendritic cells and macrophages bring about either activation or inhibition antigen-presenting cell (APC) functions, along with accumulating T development can be calibrated by TLR signals, led...

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimens are lengthy, causing non-adherence to treatment. Inadequate can lead relapse and the development of drug resistance TB. Furthermore, patients often exhibit residual lung damage even after cure, increasing risk for other chronic respiratory illnesses. Host-directed therapeutics emerging as an attractive means augment success TB In this study, we used C3HeB/FeJ mice experimental model investigate potential role rapamycin, a mammalian target rapamycin...

Abstract We have reported that TLR2 is crucial for host resistance against chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; however, which cell types are key players in this response remain unknown. This led us to decipher the relative contribution of on nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic cells M. infection mice infected with Erdman. Consistent our previous report, at 8 wk infection, knockout (TLR2KO)→TLR2KO bone marrow chimeric exhibited increased bacterial burden, disorganized accumulation...

We describe here the PCR amplification of a DNA fragment (mtp1) from Mycobacterium smegmatis using primers derived consensus sequences ABC family transporters. The encodes amino acid that exhibited significant homology with different Amino sequence alignment full length gene other transporters identified protein as B-subunit phosphate specific transporter. Strikingly, M. colony which high level ciprofloxacin resistance showed mRNA overexpression mtp1. Thus this is first report in any...

Phosphate specific transporter (Pst) in bacteria is involved phosphate transport. Pst a multisubunit system which belongs to the ABC family of transporters. The import function this known be operative at media concentrations below millimolar range. However, we found amplification laboratory generated ciprofloxacin resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis colony (CIPr) was grown condition when scavenging operon inoperative. Our results therefore argue role importer conferring high level...

To establish the aetiology of chronic cough in HIV-infected patients with negative sputum smears for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB).A cross-sectional descriptive study.Kenyatta National Hospital, a tertiary referral centre KenyaSixty five adults presenting and AFBs.Sixty-two were included final analysis. Aetiology was established 42 (68%) patients. Pneumocystis jiroveci, bacterial pneumonia Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosed 22 (35.5%), 17 (27.4%) 14 (22.5%) respectively. Majority (98%) diagnosis...

Abstract Induction of cathelicidin-mediated antimicrobial pathway against intracellular M. tuberculosis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 ), the active form vitamin D, has been documented in vitro . However, vivo studies related to inflammatory disorders, 1,25(OH) demonstrated induce an anti-inflammatory response. We therefore examined whether murine model tuberculosis, effects would affect outcome infection. show here that administration infected mice led a change lung granuloma...

Abstract Regions of the world with high incidence Tuberculosis (TB) are also endemic for helminthic diseases. Helminthic infection elicits a profound Th2 immune response, which may alter theTh1 response necessary protection to TB. The impactof responses on protective elicited TB is poorly understood. We co-infected BALB/c mice nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) followed by virulent Erdman strain Mtb via aerosolization. At 4 and 7 weeks post-Mtb infection, displayed significantly...

Abstract In this study, we compared several immune parameters in tuberculosis (TB) and nontuberculosis (NTB) pleurisy to gain an understanding of the mechanism behind enhanced Th1 apoptosis that occurs at sites active Myobacterium ( M. ) infection. An initial evaluation accumulated cytokines pleural fluid (PF) demonstrated both TB NTB were associated with prointflammatory cytokines, while only had augmented expression interferon (IFN)‐γ soluble Fas ligand (sFASL). Despite apoptosis‐inducing...

Abstract Introduction: Hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure is a condition characterized by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. In dialysis patients’ hyperkalemia frequent electrolyte disturbance that may result in various complications. Objectives: The study aimed determine the association hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) with hemodialysis patients. There very little literature on direct relationship hyperkalemia. Materials...

Abstract Modulation of Th1 response generated against pathogens like M tuberculosis (Mtb) by helminths is an important, area investigation, because the prevalence coinfections in TB endemic regions. In this study we have designed approach to investigate how Mtb modulated helminthic infection. We used ovalbumin – specific TCR transgenic adoptive transfer system, wherein ability Mtb-pulsed dendritic cells initiate a was studied on background helminth BALB/c mice were infected with N....

Abstract In a study of household contacts infectious TB cases (HHC) conducted by us in Brazil, “index” were categorized into High (HT) and Low (LT) transmission groups based on the proportion with positive tuberculin skin test. this we wanted to determine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates different phenotypes diverged their interaction host immune system. Initial vitro analysis 15 from each group revealed significantly higher levels TNF produced macrophages infected HT...