We argue that habit is a psychological construct, rather than simply past behavioral frequency. In 4 studies, 12‐item index of strength (the Self‐Report Habit Index, SRHI) was developed on the basis features habit; is, history repetition, automaticity (lack control and awareness, efficiency), expressing identity. High internal test‐retest reliabilities were found. The SRHI correlated strongly with frequency response measure (Verplanken, Aarts, van Knippenberg, & 1994). discriminated...

Interventions to change everyday behaviors often attempt people's beliefs and intentions. As the authors explain, these interventions are unlikely be an effective means that people have repeated into habits. Successful habit involve disrupting environmental factors automatically cue performance. The propose two potential interventions. “Downstream-plus” provide informational input at points when habits vulnerable change, such as undergoing naturally occurring changes in performance...

Six studies examined the value-behavior relation and focused on motivational properties of values, self, value activation. Priming environmental values enhanced attention to weight information related those which resulted in environmentally friendly consumer choices. This only occurred if these were central self-concept. Value-congruent choices also found response countervalue behavior an unrelated context. Donating congruent with altruistic was as a result self-focus, thus demonstrating...

This paper summarizes research on determinants of repeated behaviors, and the decision processes underlying them. The present focuses travel mode choices as an example such behaviors. It is proposed that when behavior performed repeatedly becomes habitual, it guided by automated cognitive processes, rather than being preceded elaborate (i.e., a based attitudes intentions). First, current attitude‐behavior models are discussed, role habit in these examined. Second, presented preceding...

Three studies examined the role of habit on information acquisition concerning travel mode choices. On basis Triandis' (1980) model attitude–behaviour relations it was expected that strength attenuates elaborateness choice processes. The focused different phases in process, namely appreciation situational cues and option information. In line with expectations, found that, compared to weak participants, those who had a strong towards choosing particular acquired less gave evidence elaborate...

A 20‐item scale to measure general impulse buying tendency was developed and validated in two studies. The includes cognitive aspects (e.g. lack of planning deliberation) affective feelings pleasure, excitement, compulsion, control, regret). correlated significantly with reported purchase frequencies typical products number recent purchases. Impulse found be related personality‐based individual difference measures, including the Big Five. Cognitive facets were both extraversion. facet...

Progress in habit theory can be made by distinguishing from frequency of occurrence, and using independent measures for these constructs. This proposition was investigated three studies a longitudinal, cross-sectional experimental design on eating, mental habits word processing, respectively. In Study 1, snacking past independently predicted later behaviour, while controlling the planned behaviour variables. Habit fully mediated effect behaviour. 2, habitual negative self-thinking...

The role of ethical motives in consumers' choice organic food was investigated. A self-administered questionnaire conducted on a representative sample 1283 Norwegian adults. relations between motives, attitudes and intention to consume studied by estimating structural equation model. Environmental animal rights issues had strong influence towards food, suggesting that the more people are concerned about these issues, positive attitude they have likely it is will food. Also, political some...

A field experiment investigated the prediction and change in repeated behaviour domain of travel mode choices. Car use during seven days was predicted from habit strength (measured by self-reported frequency past behaviour, as well a more covert measure based on personal scripts incorporating behaviour), antecedents conceptualized theory planned (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control intention). Both measures addition to intention control. Significant x interactions...

A model of travel mode choice is tested by means a survey among 199 inhabitants village. Car behavior for particular journey predicted from the attitude toward choosing car and an alternative (i.e., train), on one hand, general habit, other hand. Unlike traditional measures script‐based measure was used. General habit measured choices in response to very global descriptions imaginary journeys. In model, degree involvement with decision‐making about (decisional involvement) competition...

Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the association cue and response. Three studies examined habitual in regard to different aspects cue-response relationship characteristic unhealthy healthy habits.In each study, was assessed by Self-Report Index (SRHI). In Study 1 SRHI scores correlated with attentional bias smoking cues Stroop task. 2 ability habit elicit an unwanted prospective field relation when drinking alcohol licensed public house (pub)...

A field experiment demonstrated that forming implementation intentions was effective in changing complex everyday behavior, this case establishing a healthier diet. Implementation concerned specific plan for when and howto act. The effect of additive to the prediction healthy eating by behavioral eat healthily. were pitted against individual differences counterintentional (unhealthy) habits. effects habits independent, suggesting did not break negative influence unhealthy habits, yet managed...

This study tested the habit discontinuity hypothesis, which states that behaviour change interventions are more effective when delivered in context of life course changes. The assumption was habits (temporarily) disturbed, people sensitive to new information and adopt a mind-set is conducive change. A field experiment conducted among 800 participants, who received either an intervention promoting sustainable behaviours, or were no-intervention control condition. In both conditions half...

An agency-communion model of narcissism distinguishes between agentic narcissists (individuals satisfying self-motives grandiosity, esteem, entitlement, and power in domains) communal the same domains). Five studies supported model. In Study 1, participants listed their grandiose self-thoughts. Two distinct types emerged: ("I am most intelligent person") helpful person"). 2, we relied on self-thoughts to construct Communal Narcissism Inventory. It was psychometrically sound, stable over...

Understanding human behavior lies at the heart of responses to climate change. Many environmentally relevant patterns are frequent, stable, and persistent. There is an increasing focus on understanding these less in terms deliberative processes more habits routines embedded everyday life. Examinations ‘habitual’ nature consequential activities have been approached from two theoretically distinct perspectives. From a social psychological perspective, ‘habit’ studied as intra‐individual...

Workers at a pro-environmental charity in the United Kingdom were evaluated 19 months before organization moved its headquarters to another town, and then again 1 4 weeks after move. Travel habit (behavioral automaticity) weakened immediately move, this was equal for those who changed travel mode during relocation did not. In mode, strength old not disappear abruptly but rather decayed over post-move period, whereas new grew concurrently. This demonstrates that even when overt behavior...

Efforts to guide peoples' behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature operation habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration research on habits might enable investigators identify when how strategies will be most effective. How...

In 8 studies, the authors investigated negative self-thinking as a mental habit. Mental content (negative self-thoughts) was distinguished from process habit). The habit assessed with metacognitive instrument (Habit Index of Negative Thinking; HINT) measuring whether self-thoughts occur often, are unintended, initiated without awareness, difficult to control, and self-descriptive. Controlling for cognitive content, found that distinct rumination mindfulness, predicted explicit well implicit...