New field mapping and structural data, combined with published geochemical from the Kohistan arc in NW Himalaya, enable a re-evaluation of stratigraphy. Key lithological units their relationships are more clearly defined, permitting construction revised magmatic-tectonic history for arc. The oldest transitional oceanic-type basalts, which form basement to subduction related sequence. Arc-type gabbroic sheets plutons intrude oceanic basalts: together these Kamila Amphibolite Belt....

Land subsidence is a major concern in vastly growing metropolitans worldwide. The most serious risks this scenario are linked to groundwater extraction and urban development. Pakistan’s fourth-largest city, Rawalpindi, its twin Islamabad, located at the northern edge of Potwar Plateau, witnessing extensive expansion. Groundwater (tube-wells) residents’ primary daily water supply these metropolitan areas. Unnecessarily pumping local inhabitant’s excessive demand for disturb sub-surface’s...

Abstract The middle to lower island-arc crust in southern Kohistan represents a 40 Ma life-span of subduction-related magmatism an intraoceanic setting. Kamila amphibolite belt comprises two varieties metavolcanic amphibolites. One enriched high-field strength (HFS) and heavy rare-earth (HRE) elements is transitional character between N- E-MORB with minor component, the earliest arc basement Kohistan. other variety amphibolites, together deformed amphibolitised intrusive basic plutons, has...

Uplink and Downlink channel estimation in massive Multiple Input Output (MIMO) systems is an intricate issue because of the increasing matrix dimensions. The feedback overhead using traditional codebook schemes very large, which consumes more bandwidth decreases overall system efficiency. purpose this paper to decrease by taking advantage sparse attributes also optimize Energy Efficiency (EE) system. To cope with issue, we propose a novel approach Compressed-Sensing (CS), Block...

Summary This paper presents wet chemical analyses of forty-one pyroxenes (thirty-nine them new) from pyroxene granulites and a few neighbouring rocks Swat Kohistan the adjoining Indus Valley. The granulites, considered to be derived plutonic norites an island arc tholeiitic nature, constitute one most extensive belts its kind in world. are not unusual any respect but they bear closer resemblance metamorphic than igneous crystallized deep-seated magmas. distribution Mg, Fe, Mn (average K D...

Summary A series of metamorphosed (amphibolite facies) basic and intermediate igneous rocks from upper Swat, Pakistan, is described, with seven chemical analyses. The intrude ?Palaeozoic metasediments are partially bordered by other, later, intrusive volcanic rocks. group, now represented by, S–N, epidote amphibolites, noritic hypersthene gabbros, quartz diorites, considered to be derived a plagioclase hypersthenites, norites, diorites. Variation diagrams used show that the forms...

This paper presents a laboratory experimental study on particle breakage of sand subjected to friction and collision, by number drum tests granular materials (silica No. 3 ceramic balls) investigate the characteristics its effect grain size distribution sand. Particle increased in up convexity with increasing duration tests, but linearly balls. showed an increase, followed decrease while amount There may be existence characteristic causing maximum breakage. Friction caused much less than...

Summary Traces of a green chromian tourmaline occur in calcareous rocks contact with serpentinite near Alpurai, Swat, West Pakistan. The petrography the and optical properties are presented along its chemistry (it contains over 8 % Cr 2 O 3 about 0·2 V ). mineral is compared other tourmalines paragenesis discussed: it thought to have been produced by silica-rich hydrothermal (or gaseous) solutions, which crystallized as thin quartz veins rocks, introducing boron constituents.

AbstractThe east central part of the Kohistan magmatic arc is made up principally Jaglot Group. From bottom to top it consists I) paragneisses and schists intercalated with amphibolites calc-silicates (Gilgit Formation), II) Gashu-Confluence Volcanics (GCV) III) Thelichi Formation comprising a volcanic base (Majne volcanics) turbidites, marble, volcanoclastic sediments lava flows. Metamorphic grade varies sillimanite zone. The GCV are correlated Chalt volcanics Yasin Other lithologies...

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Abstract The Chilas Complex is a major lower crustal component of the Cretaceous Kohistan island arc and one largest exposed slices magma chamber in world. Covering more than 8000 km 2 , it reaches current tectonic width around 40 km. It was emplaced at 85 Ma during rifting soon after collision with Karakoram plate. Over 85% comprises homogeneous, olivine‐free gabbronorite subordinate orthopyroxene–quartz diorite association (MGNA), which contains bodies up to 30...

Abstract The Late Cretaceous Chagai arc outcrops in western Pakistan, southern Afghanistan and eastern Iran. It is the Tethyan convergence zone, formed by northward subduction of Arabian oceanic plate beneath Afghan block. oldest unit Sinjrani Volcanic Group. This composed porphyritic lava flows volcaniclastic rocks, subordinate shale, sandstone, limestone chert. are fractionated low‐K tholeiitic basalts, basalticandesites, andesites. Relative enrichment their LILE depletion HFSE, negative...

The Wadhrai granite stock is a part of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex, an extension Neoproterozoic Malani Suite western Rajasthan. It occupied by petrographically uniform comprising perthite, plagioclase, quartz, with small quantities biotite, opaque oxides, titanite, and secondary minerals. rocks are sparingly porphyritic contain dykes microgranite, aplite, rare pegmatite. In south-central part, parallel sheets swarms mafic dykes, in very fine-grained felsic intrude body. metaluminous to...