The application scenarios and requirements are more diverse in the fifth-generation (5G) era than before. In order to successfully support system design deployment, accurate channel modeling is important. Ray-tracing (RT) based deterministic approach with detailed angular information a suitable candidate for predicting time-varying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) various frequency bands. However, computational complexity utility of RT main concerns users. Aiming at 5G beyond wireless...

The millimeter wave (mmWave) communications and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) are both widely considered to be the candidate technologies for fifth generation mobile communication system. It is thus a good idea combine these two achieve better performance large capacity high data-rate transmission. However, one of fundamental challenges characterization mmWave MIMO channel. Most previous investigations in channel only focus on single-input single-output links or links,...

TeraHertz (THz) communications can satisfy the high data rate demand with massive bandwidth. However, severe path attenuation and hardware imperfection greatly alleviate its performance. Therefore, we utilize reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology investigate RIS-aided THz communications. We first prove that small-scale amplitude fading of signals be accurately modeled by fluctuating two-ray distribution based on two signal measurement experiments conducted in a variety...

With the emergence of communication services with stringent requirements such as autonomous driving or on-flight Internet, sixth-generation (6G) wireless network is envisaged to become an enabling technology for future transportation systems. In this paper, two ways interactions between 6G networks and are extensively investigated. On one hand, new usage scenarios capabilities over existing cellular firstly highlighted. Then, its potential in seamless ubiquitous connectivity across...

More people prefer to using rail traffic for travel or commuting due its convenience and flexibility. As the record of maximum speed has been continuously broken new applications are foreseen, high-speed railway (HSR) communication system requires higher data rate with seamless connectivity, therefore, design faces challenges support high mobility. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) technologies considered as candidates provide wideband communication. However, mmWave is rarely explored in HSR...

The upcoming fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication system is expected to support high mobility up 500 km/h, which envisioned in particular for high-speed trains. Millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum considered as a key enabler offering the "best experience" highly users. Despite that channel characterization necessary mmWave design and validation, it still not feasible directly do extensive measurements on moving trains (HST) at speed km/h present. Thus, rather than conducting HST sounding...

Terahertz (THz) Kiosk application offers ultrahigh downloads of digital information to users' handheld devices. System configuration and multiple paths between the transmitter receiver have important impact on achievable data rates. In this paper, propagation channel THz downloading is investigated a stochastic model proposed. Based measurements using vector network analyzer, 3-D ray-tracing simulator calibrated conduct simulations for an in-depth analysis different characteristics....

Powered by the Internet of Things, vehicular ad-hoc networks are expected to evolve into Intelligent Vehicles in which each vehicle can be much more efficient various and transportation applications. In order realize this vision, a seamless low-latency ultrareliable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication network is required. Thus, it importance characterize V2V channels realistic environments, especially when line-of-sight between transmitter (Tx) receiver (Rx) obstructed. paper, we...

Accurate path loss (PL) prediction is essential for predicting transmitter coverage and optimizing wireless network performance. Traditional PL models are difficult to cope with the development trend of diversity, time-varying mass channels. In this work, most widely used multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural in artificial (ANN) employed accurately predict PL. Three types environmental features defined extracted, which describe propagation environment only by considering limited instead complex...

In this paper, the intra-wagon channels at 60 and 300 GHz bands are characterized through measurement-validated ray-tracing (RT) simulations. To begin with, an in-house-developed three-dimensional RT simulator is calibrated validated by a series of millimeter-wave Terahertz channel measurements inside high-speed train wagon. Then, used to conduct extensive simulations with different transmitter (Tx) receiver deployments. At low frequencies, strongly influenced line sight (LOS), therefore,...

In this paper, we measure, simulate, and characterize the train-to-infrastructure (T2I) inside-station channel at terahertz (THz) band for first time. To begin with, a series of measurements is performed in train test center 304.2 GHz with 8 bandwidth. Rician K-factor root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread are extracted from measured power-delay profile. With aid an in-house-developed ray-tracing (RT) simulator, multipath constitution physically interpreted. This provides hand information how...

To realize intelligent connection of everything and the digital twin (DT) physical world in 6G beyond, new communication sensing solutions are demanded. The potential multiple spectrums is maximized for various applications scenarios. In such a context, an accurate, efficient, pervasive multi-spectrum propagation model needed as critical unified baseline testing performance This work presents ray-tracing (RT) oriented methods DT presentation radio at frequency bands from microwave to visible...

Long Term Evolution for Railway (LTE-R) is commonly believed to be the next generation wireless communication system high speed railway. The main objective of this paper assess performance LTE-R under realistic conditions using a hybrid railway channel model involving WINNER II Channel Model that was refined and validated measurements made within WP1 work package in Europe, train 3GPP large-scaled models based on group Zhengzhou-Xian passenger dedicated line China. presents detailed...

Train stations are one of the most common structures along a high-speed railway. They can block line sight (LOS), generate multiple reflected and scattered waves, aggravate fading behavior; however, these effects have been rarely investigated. This paper presents group 930-MHz measurements conducted on train railways in China. The whole process passing has measured with two typical types stations. results indicate that, when station is far from transmitter (Tx), semi-closed (in which awnings...

Wave propagation characteristics in curved tunnels are of importance for designing reliable communications subway systems. This paper presents the extensive measurements conducted two typical types tunnels—traditional arched "Type I" tunnel and modern II" tunnel—with 300- 500-m radii curvature with different configurations—horizontal vertical polarizations at 920, 2400, 5705 MHz, respectively. Based on measurements, statistical metrics loss shadow fading (path-loss exponent, distribution,...

In a realistic high-speed railway environment, the track, terrain, vegetation, cuttings, barriers, pylons, buildings, and crossing bridges are main sources of reflection, diffraction, scattering. Moreover, radiation pattern polarization transmitting receiving antennas considerably influence propagation. This paper presents deterministic modeling approach covering all effects in highspeed environment for first time. The antenna mechanisms transmission, scattering, reflection evaluated by...

In this paper, we present two case studies for generating realistic high-speed train (HST) channels at fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) band. The first one is the tunnel environment relatively low 5G mmWave band, 30 GHz whereas second outdoor HST high 90 Both include following steps: ray-tracing simulations, stochastic channel modeling and realization, verification with validation a reduced set of measurements. A profound insightful conclusion reached that by employing proposed...

Future terahertz (THz) communications will utilize the frequency spectrum around 300 GHz. This technology provides a promising solution for future high-data-rate due to high available bandwidth. However, unfavorable channel characteristics are major barrier realization of THz communications. To address challenges caused by propagation conditions, world?s first communication standard includes channel-modeling document (CMD).

In order to realize the vision of "smart rail mobility," a seamless high-data rate wireless connectivity with up dozens gigahertz bandwidth will be required. This forms strong motivation for exploring underutilized millimeter wave (mmWave) and sub-mmWave bands. this article, channel in one mobility" scenario- intrawagon scenario-is characterized through ultrawideband (UWB) sounding ray tracing (RT) at mmWave To begin with, series horizontal directional scan-sounding measurements are...

Terahertz (THz) communications are envisioned as a key technology for the sixth-generation wireless communication system (6G). However, it is not practical to perform large-scale channel measurements with high degrees of freedom at THz frequency band. This makes empirical or stochastic modeling approaches relying on no longer stand. In order break through bottleneck scarce full-dimensional sounding measurements, this paper presents novel paradigm towards 6G. With core high-performance ray...

As a vital vertical industry empowered by the sixth-generation mobile communication system (6G), vision of "smart rail mobility" requires seamless wireless connectivity with ultra high-data rate on order 100 Gbps or even more. This forms strong driving force for exploiting terahertz (THz) band where available spectrum is massively abundant. In this paper, smart mobility channel characterized through ultra-wideband (UWB) sounding and ray tracing (RT) at 300 GHz an 8 bandwidth in five...

The intelligent reflective surface (IRS) technology has received many interests in recent years, thanks to its potential uses future wireless communications, which one of the promising use cases is widen coverage, especially line-of-sight-blocked scenarios. Therefore, it critical analyze corresponding coverage probability IRS-aided communication systems. To our best knowledge, however, previous works focusing on this issue are very limited. In paper, we under Rayleigh fading channel, taking...

Developing an accurate and mathematically tractable high-speed railway (HSR) channel model is a key issue to provide reliable, cost-effective wireless services for the HSR operators users. Although finite-state Markov chain (FSMC) has been extensively investigated describe fading channels, most of FSMC models are designed based on first-order chain, which no longer valid when transceivers operate in high mobility scenarios, specially communications. In this letter, advanced proposed,...

This paper presents a geometry-based stochastic channel model (GSCM) for 3GPP millimeter-wave (mmWave) high-speed train (HST) scenario. An important demand of the mmWave HST is spatial consistency during movement. In order to meet this requirement, environment pattern containing most effective geometry information proposed, which useful generating an integral and accurate geometry. Since measurement deficient high mobility, proposed developed using ray-tracing (RT) simulator that validated...

In the design of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wireless communications, a better understanding propagation characteristics and an accurate channel model are required. Measurements comprehensive analysis for UAV-based air-ground (AG) in vertical dimension presented this letter. Based on measurement data at 1 4 GHz, large-scale small-scale parameters extracted line-of-sight (LOS) nonLOS case, respectively. The altitude-dependent path loss is proposed herein. Furthermore, shadow fading fast...