In fifth generation wireless networks, the escalating teletraffic and energy consumption has necessitated development of green communication techniques in order to further enhance both system's spectral efficiency efficiency. past few years, novel index modulation (IM) emerged as a promising technology that is widely employed communications. this paper, we present survey on IM provide readers with better understanding its principles, advantages, potential applications. We start comprehensive...

Index modulation has become a promising technique in the context of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), whereby specific activation domain subcarriers is used for implicitly conveying extra information, hence improving achievable throughput at given bit error ratio (BER) performance. In this paper, dual-mode OFDM (DM-OFDM) proposed, which combined with index and enhances attainable conventional index-modulation-based OFDM. particular, are divided into several subblocks, each...

With the emergence of communication services with stringent requirements such as autonomous driving or on-flight Internet, sixth-generation (6G) wireless network is envisaged to become an enabling technology for future transportation systems. In this paper, two ways interactions between 6G networks and are extensively investigated. On one hand, new usage scenarios capabilities over existing cellular firstly highlighted. Then, its potential in seamless ubiquitous connectivity across...

Dual-mode index modulation aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DM-OFDM) is recently proposed, where subcarriers are partitioned into OFDM subblocks, divided two groups within each subblock, and modulated by differentiable constellation alphabets. In DM-OFDM, additional bits can be transmitted through indices of the same alphabet. this letter, generalized DM-OFDM (GDM-OFDM) number mode in subblock alterable. By applying such enhancements, spectral efficiency improved at cost...

With the rapid development of satellite communication technologies, space-based access network has been envisioned as a promising complementary part future 6G network. Aside from terrestrial base stations, nodes, especially low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, can also serve stations for Internet access, and constitute LEOsatellite (LEO-SAN). LEO-SAN is expected to provide seamless massive extended coverage with high signal quality. However, its practical implementation still faces significant...

The convergence of radar sensing and communication applications in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) low terahertz (THz) bands has been envisioned as a promising technology, since it incorporates high-rate data transmission hundreds gigabits per second (Gbps) mm-level spectrum- cost-efficient manner, by sharing both frequency hardware resources. However, joint (JRC) system faces considerable challenges mmWave low-THz scale, due to peculiarities propagation channel radio-frequency (RF) front ends....

Visible light communication (VLC) has become a promising complement to its radio-frequency (RF) counterpart. In VLC systems, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) drawn much attention due high data rate, simple equalization and robustness the inter-symbol interference (ISI). this paper, we present comparative performance evaluation of several classical optical OFDM schemes, including DC-biased (DCO-OFDM), asymmetrically clipped (ACO-OFDM), pulse-amplitude-modulated discrete...

With the rapid expansion of road traffic and vehicle scale, citizens have to face serious life safety risks caused by accidents while enjoying an increasingly convenient life. Fortunately, vehicular ad hoc networks provided us with important information about big data, which makes new methods analyze accidents. In this paper, we tackle problem predicting risk propose trichotomy Adaboost SMOTE One-Hot encoding (AdaBoost-SO) algorithm attain a accident prediction model. is mainly based on use...

The Rydberg atomic communication antenna exhibits exceptional properties superior to traditional antennas. use of heterodyne technology further establishes a foundation for high-precision digital communication. However, current signal solvers limit its application in integrated radar-communication systems. To address this, we propose multi-parameter mapping model between symbols and the receiver signals under radar interference. Based on this model, introduce an adaptive...

This paper introduces the method for defect recognition of power transmission lines based on Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. Firstly, this investigates key technologies in system including image preprocessing, feature extraction methods, dimension reduction classifiers. Secondly, according to characteristics line images, HOG is used extract features. a dense descriptor local overlapping area image. It constructs by calculating gradient...

The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been envisioned as one representative usage scenario of sixth-generation (6G) network. However, the unprecedented characteristics 6G, especially doubly dispersive channel, make classical ISAC waveforms rather challenging to guarantee a desirable performance level. recently proposed affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) can attain full diversity even under effects, thus becoming competitive candidate for next-generation waveforms....

China's transmission lines are widely distributed. The power department spends huge manpower and material resources every year on line patrolling. development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology provides a new inspection method for overhead In the present days, most images drones based monocular cameras. Due to limitations two-dimensional images, this detection is not sufficient. Considering issue that defects ideal in complex natural environment background, paper deep imaging UAV...

Aiming at the problem that traditional machine learning traffic accident prediction algorithm can't automatically discriminate data features, it requires a lot of artificial feature engineering models and has poor expression ability. The paper proposes based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). deep can extract autonomous features from large amount collected in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET). Different convolution kernels are responsible for extracting different obtained new variables...

Terahertz (THz) communication has emerged as a promising technology that efficiently alleviates the scarcity of frequency resources, and is capable providing Terabit-per-second (Tbps) data transmission. However, hardware impairments, which are usually omitted in low-rate systems, have detrimental impact on THz link. These imperfections, including in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance, phase noise nonlinearities power amplifier, can be approximately modelled complex-Gaussian distortions at both...

Terahertz (THz) wireless communication is envisioned as a promising technology, which capable of providing ultra-high-rate transmission up to Terabit per second. However, some hardware imperfections, are generally neglected in the existing literature concerning lower data rates and traditional operating frequencies, cannot be overlooked THz systems. Hardware imperfections usually consist phase noise, in-phase/quadrature imbalance, nonlinearity power amplifier. Due time-variant characteristic...

Due to the high mobility, low cost and robustness of line-of-sight (LoS) channels, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have begun play an important role in assisting wireless communications. However, broadcasting nature communication networks makes electromagnetic spectrum vulnerable jamming attacks. To ensure security, this paper investigates detection issue for UAV-assisted Different from existing works, we consider stealthy with no prior knowledge legitimate users or channel statistics, which...

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn extensive attentions as a promising alternative for classical phased-array antennas at the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitter, leading to cost-effective data transmission that is especially desirable terahertz (THz) frequencies. In this article, we consider multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) system equipped with RIS-assisted transmitter: A RIS array illuminated by unmodulated THz carriers through feeding antenna, which equally...

In this paper, two novel spectrum resource allocation schemes, based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM) and dual-mode OFDM-IM, are proposed for a three-node cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) system. the first scheme, we allocate IM bits to serve cell-edge user, save transmit power assist delivery of constellation symbols. Alternatively, constrained by spectral efficiency (SE), rest information user can be carried conventional...

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a promising photosensor because of its high sensitivity to optical signals in weak illuminance environment.Recently, it has drawn much attention from researchers visible light communications (VLC).However, existing literature only deals with the simplified channel model, which considers effects Poisson noise introduced by SPAD, but neglects other sources.Specifically, when an analog SPAD detector applied, there exists Gaussian thermal generated...

The primary objective of this study is to compare pedestrian evacuation strategies in the large-scale public space (LPS) using microscopic model. Data were collected by video recording from Tian-yi square for 36 hours city Ningbo, China. A simulation model was developed based on social force (SFM). parameters, such as reaction time, elasticity coefficient, sliding et al, calibrated real data extracted video. Five strategies, strategy 1 (S1) 5 (S5) involving distance, density and capacity...

Ultra-high-resolution target sensing has emerged as a key enabler for various cutting-edge applications, which can be realized by utilizing the millimeter wave/terahertz frequencies. However, extremely high operating frequency inevitably leads to significant Doppler shift effects, especially high-mobility causing degradation of performance with false alarm rate. To this end, article proposes parameter design methodology well-known constant amplitude zero auto correlation (CAZAC) sequences,...

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with index modulation has been emerged as a promising technique for next-generation networks, where the specific activation pattern of OFDM subcarriers is capable conveying additional information implicitly without energy consumption, hence improving system efficiency. In this paper, zero-padded tri-mode (ZTM-OFDM-IM) proposed, which achieving high spectral and ZTM-OFDM-IM, are partitioned into subblocks. each subblock, only fraction...