Microbes (e.g., plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytes) are the natural inhabitants of soil-plant-environment ecosystem having potential to ameliorate negative effects environmental extremities. Plant-microbe interactions integral events agricultural ecosystems which must be studied in order modulate systemic mechanisms field crops. Under changing climatic scenarios, drought heat stresses tend induce numerous physiological, morphological, metabolic...

Studies investigating the allelopathic effect of root, stem, leaf, and fruit water extracts infested soil Euphorbia helioscopia L. on seed germination seedling growth wheat, chickpea, lentil were conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Water prepared by soaking dried plant parts E. (1:20 w/v) for period 24 h. Seedling emergence, vigor index, total dry weight seedlings significantly reduced when these crops grown taken from an field compared to collected area free any...

Background: Wheat, an important cereal crop, is commonly cultivated in arid and semiarid areas, therefore, it often experiences water deficit conditions. The consequences of induced stress on wheat can be mitigated through vermicompost amendments. To address drought seedlings, a pot experiment was conducted the wire-house which two contrasting cultivars, Faisalabad-08 (drought-tolerant) Galaxy-13 (drought-sensitive), were exposed to three level conditions: well-watered [D0, 70% field...

Businesses that are based on financial technology (FinTech) essential for advancing new ideas and technologies in the sector, sustainable development, inclusion. This study uses machine learning-based social media analysis (SMA) to evaluate how open innovation Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) incorporated into public conversation platforms of FinTech companies. As a result, using empirical data from 32,716 tweets, we monitored actions 21 businesses. The findings revealed distinct...

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) remains a major public health concern in endemic regions, with socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors playing crucial role disease transmission severity. Understanding these determinants is essential for developing effective prevention control strategies. Objective: To assess the risk associated CL rural areas of Punjab. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from July 2023 to March 2024 selected districts Punjab,...

Malnutrition a health disorders arising due to over or low use of minerals, vitamins and nutritional substances required for proper functioning body tissues organs. Zinc (Zn) is the most important mineral normal metabolism plants humans. Zinc-deficiency one major cause malnutrition globally. Maize highly susceptible Zn-deficiency inflicts humans other animals being nourished on it. This study evaluated effect zinc-lysine chelate alone (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 1.5%) as seed priming in combination with...

To ensure food security on sustainable basis, reducing weeds interference and boosting land use efficiency are critical. A field study was conducted at research farm of University Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, to sort out the most productive maize-gram intercropping system under semi-arid environment. Treatments included sole maize in single row (60 cm apart) (T1) double rows (90 (T2) strips, black (T3) green gram (T4) crops, six with twelve (20 cm) (T5) (T6), three sets quadratic (T7)...

Identification of weed species with allelopathic potential and characterization their adverse effects against associated crops is required for better understanding weed-crop interactions.Phytotoxic activity Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. on germination seedling growth chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) wheat (Triticum aestivum was investigated under controlled conditions.Two separate studies were done each four organic solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, 1-butanol) crude aqueous...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino and has multi-functional role in abiotic stress tolerance. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric application modulate growth, yield, related physio-biochemical mechanisms two aromatic rice cultivars, that is, Guixiangzhan (GXZ) Nongxiang 18 (NX-18), under Pb toxic normal conditions. The experimental treatments were comprised Ck: without GABA (control), GABA: 1 mM applied conditions (without Pb), +...

Reduction in herbicide usage without compromising yields can lead to less environmental harm and lower production costs.Field trials were conducted appraise the efficacy of reduced doses (25, 50, 75% label dose) a post emergence sulfonylurea [Atlantis 3.6WG (iodo+mesosulfuron)] control weeds wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields Punjab, Pakistan.Below-labeled-doses quite effective suppressing total weed density (72-95%) biomass (83-94%), grain yield was increased by 22 48% over weedy control,...

Background: Weeds are unwanted and undesirable plants which deteriorate the quality of agricultural products interfere with farming activities. Most weeds (indigenous invasive) seeds get preserved in soil horizons as weed seed bank ensure their survival leading to spoilage quantitative qualitative functioning farms. Objective: To keep below threshold level, elimination before germination can be a viable pro-ecological approach. achieve this objective, reserved serve an effective pool...

The use of herbicides in forests is important for enhancing tree growth and forest productivity. By effectively controlling competing vegetation, facilitate the survival healthy development young trees. They also play a key role efficient management, contributing to sustainability economic viability forestry practices. This effective vegetation management crucial meeting global demands wood products. comprehensive review critically examines dualistic nature herbicide forestry, exploring both...

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital leguminous crop known for its rich nutritional profile, includ-ing high protein and oil content, making it valuable resource in global agriculture human nutrition. In Pakistan due to regulatory issues non-GMO soybean grown therefore, the universal herbicide control method not applicable. Similarly, other crops, specific herbicides are avail-able but no present. A comprehensive study was conducted over two growing seasons, 2022 2023, at Agronomic Research...

Soybean suffers a serious blow to forage yield and quality while in intercropping with cereal forages like sorghum. The aim of this field investigation was optimize planting time spatial arrangement for boosting yield, profitability intercropped soybean. Treatments included soybean sown 20 days before after sorghum under different arrangements (3-1, 1-3, 2-3, 3-2 3-3 row proportions). factorial used employ randomized complete block design (RCBD) experimental execution four replicates. prior...

Under the changing climate, fertilization regimes and weed infestation management in aromatic direct-seeded fine rice (DSR) remain vital for curbing environmental hazards ensuring food security. A multi-year field study was undertaken to appraise influence of techniques weed-free periods on dynamics, nutrient uptake paddy yield a semi-arid environment. Treatments included two methods (broadcasting side placement) five durations (20, 30, 40, 50 post-seeding days, DAS) along with crop whole...

Globally, optimized doses of exogenously applied growth regulators hold the potential to sustainably boost and productivity leguminous crops, including green gram. A field investigation was undertaken at Agronomy Farm University Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan in 2021–2022 determine highest-performing foliar-applied salicylic acid (S1 = 0 S2 75 ppm) gibberellic (G1 0, G2 30, G3 60, G4 90 G5 120 for gram (cv. NIAB-MUNG 2011) sown under irrigated conditions a semiarid climate. The response...

Abstract The germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida glyphosate susceptible biotypes sampled in marginal areas, was compared with that the same species but different suspected resistance, common giant ragweed, respectively. resistant were Roundup Ready® soybean fields. Within each weed species, seeds biotype area significantly bigger heavier than those exhibited a similar dormancy germination, while differences between observed. showed threshold temperature for whereas,...