The transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is vital to reduce resource consumption, emissions and waste generation. To support development of circular building components, assessment metrics are needed. Previous work identified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as an important method analyse environmental performance CE context. However, questions arise about how model calculate buildings components. We develop LCA for components four steps. First, we elaborate on...

The difference between actual and calculated energy is called the ‘energy-performance gap’. Possible explanations for this gap are construction mistakes, improper adjusting of equipment, excessive simplification in simulation models occupant behaviour. Many researchers governmental institutions think main cause gap. However, only limited evidence exists this. Therefore, an analysis presented theoretical consumption based on specific household types building characteristics. Using a large...

It is commonly accepted that occupants have a significant influence on the variation in residential heating consumption. However, scale of lacks empirical investigation. The aim this study was to distinguish which part variance actual consumption can be attributed occupants, and building itself. This achieved by applying extending method suggested Sonderegger 1978, using updated significantly improved data from two different countries: Netherlands Denmark. These contain types supply systems...

The transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is vital to reduce environmental impacts, resource consumption and waste generation. can be made circular by replacing building components with more ones. There are many design options for knowledge about which perform better – from an perspective limited. Existing guidelines focussed on single components, options, applied different assessment methods provide conflicting guidelines. Therefore, this article, we develop...

The 2050 decarbonization goals coupled with the growing housing shortage in Europe intensify pressure on new-build dwellings to enhance their energy performance. Beyond a zero operational energy, focus has shifted towards reducing embodied carbon (EC). Against this backdrop, study investigates simultaneous impact of downsizing and use timber dwellings, EC reduction strategies seldom explored concurrently. Through partial life cycle assessments, three scenarios are modelled: Small, Medium,...

Human exposure to indoor pollutant concentrations is receiving increasing interest in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). We address this issue by incorporating an compartment into the USEtox model, as well providing recommended parameter values for households four different regions of world differing geographically, economically, and socially. With these values, intake fractions comparative toxicity potentials emissions dwellings air tightness levels were calculated. The resulting vary 2 orders...

Abstract A higher conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules does not automatically imply a lower environmental impact, when the life‐cycle is taken into account. An comparison carried out between production and use phase, except maintenance, an indium–gallium–phosphide (InGaP) on multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) tandem module, thin‐film InGaP cell module mc‐Si module. The evaluation systems was made for very limited industrial scale. Assuming fourfold reuse GaAs substrates in (half)...

The environmental burden of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules is currently largely determined by the cumulative input fossil energy used for module production. However, with an increased focus on limiting emission CO2 coming from fuels, it expected that renewable resources, including photovoltaics, may well become more important in producing electricity. A comparison impacts PV case their life cycle based use electricity contrast to conventional can elucidate potential drawbacks early stage...

ABSTRACT This paper presents an environmental life cycle assessment of a roof‐integrated flexible solar cell laminate with tandem cells composed amorphous silicon/nanocrystalline silicon (a‐Si/nc‐Si). The a‐Si/nc‐Si are considered to have 10% conversion efficiency. Their expected service is 20 years. production scale 100 MW p per year. A comparison the photovoltaic (PV) system roof‐mounted multicrystalline (multi‐Si) PV also presented. For both systems, application in Netherlands annual...

Abstract This paper presents an environmental comparison based on life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production under average European circumstances and use in The Netherlands modules two kinds III–V solar cells early development stage: a thin‐film gallium arsenide (GaAs) cell gallium‐indium phosphide/gallium (GaInP/GaAs) tandem cell. A more general these with common multicrystalline silicon (multi‐Si) module is also included. evaluation both systems made for limited industrial scale 0·1 MW...

Abstract Disturbance factors, such as self-excited tool vibrations, limit the performance of modern machining processes and thus restrict quality, productivity sustainability industrially manufactured components. The dynamic process stability is subjected to significant variances especially at beginning life. To precisely quantify these variances, series milling tests were conducted analyzed using tools made high speed steel (HSS) cemented carbide for EN AW-7075. In all test series, a...

Purpose – The environmental performance of several flat roof systems with different materials and insulation thicknesses is compared using life cycle assessment (LCA), the aim to determine roofing highest performance. paper aims discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach calculations were carried out for an existing apartment block a 300 m² roof. Five three heat resistances each, five types waterproof layers, covering green are assessed LCA. Foreground data including maintenance...

Abstract Introduction. The building sector consumes 40% of resources globally, produces global waste and 33% all emissions. transition towards a Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment is vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as responsible consumption production. can gradually be made circular by replacing current ‘linear’ components with ones during maintenance renovation. However, there are many possible design alternatives for components; knowledge on which...

In Europe, the energy performance of dwellings is measured using theoretical building models based on Energy Performance Buildings Directive (EPBD), which estimates consumption dwellings. However, literature shows large gaps between theoretically predicted and actual The goal this paper to investigate extent empirical provide more accurate estimations when compared a model, in order estimate average savings renovations. We used Dutch non-profit housing stock demonstrate results. examined...

Achieving energy efficiency in the built environment requires extensive efforts renovation and adaptation of housing stock. A promising design solution is heat pump. While gas boiler systems are commonly used Dutch non-profit stock, share dwellings with a pump grew from 1.6% 2017 to 3.2% 2021. However, building characteristics consumption unclear. Therefore, dataset 69,422 different types pumps has been examined compared traditional HR107 condensing boiler. This research reports average...

Summary The procedure is described of an indirect method recording jaw movement by measuring intervals between electrical pulses generated a light beam passing two photovoltaic cells attached to the upper and lower jaw. A general description basic electronic system given. An example registration border lines subject shown.